The FDA has approved loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension 0.25% (Eysuvis – Kala) for short-term treatment (≤2 weeks) of dry eye disease. It is the first ocular corticosteroid to be approved for this indication. Other formulations of loteprednol are approved for treatment of steroid-responsive ocular inflammatory conditions, inflammation after ocular surgery, and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

The choice of drugs for treatment of allergic rhinitis depends on the severity of symptoms and whether they are intermittent or persistent (see Table 1).

Patients with seasonal allergies often experience nasal itching and congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and itchy, watery eyes. Oral, intranasal, and ophthalmic preparations are widely available over the counter (OTC) for relief of symptoms. Prescription products for management of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis are reviewed separately.

Allergic rhinitis can be classified as seasonal, perennial, or episodic. It is often associated with allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and asthma.

H₁-ANTIHISTAMINES — Oral – Oral second-generation H₁-antihistamines are the preferred first-line treatment for relief of the itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea that characterize mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis. They are less effective for nasal congestion.