Matching articles for "Escherichia coli"
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 7, 2019; (Issue 1582)
Patients who receive pretravel advice can reduce their
risk for many travel-related conditions. Vaccines recommended
for travelers are reviewed in a separate...
Patients who receive pretravel advice can reduce their
risk for many travel-related conditions. Vaccines recommended
for travelers are reviewed in a separate issue.
Eravacycline (Xerava) - An IV Tetracycline for Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 22, 2019; (Issue 1570)
Eravacycline (Xerava – Tetraphase), a new synthetic
tetracycline antibiotic, has been approved by the
FDA for IV treatment of complicated intra-abdominal
infections (cIAIs) in adults. Eravacycline is...
Eravacycline (Xerava – Tetraphase), a new synthetic
tetracycline antibiotic, has been approved by the
FDA for IV treatment of complicated intra-abdominal
infections (cIAIs) in adults. Eravacycline is structurally
similar to tigecycline (Tygacil, and generics), a broad-spectrum
tetracycline approved by the FDA for IV
treatment of complicated skin and skin structure
infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections,
and community-acquired pneumonia. A higher rate
of mortality has been reported with use of tigecycline
compared to other antibacterial drugs; it should be
used only when no suitable alternative is available.
Rifamycin (Aemcolo) for Treatment of Travelers' Diarrhea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 11, 2019; (Issue 1567)
The FDA has approved rifamycin (Aemcolo – Cosmo/
Aries), a minimally absorbed oral antibiotic, for
treatment of adults with travelers' diarrhea (TD)
caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli....
The FDA has approved rifamycin (Aemcolo – Cosmo/
Aries), a minimally absorbed oral antibiotic, for
treatment of adults with travelers' diarrhea (TD)
caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli. It
is not recommended for treatment of diarrhea that is
complicated by fever and/or bloody stools. Topical
and injectable formulations of rifamycin have been
used in Europe for other indications for many years.
Meropenem/Vaborbactam (Vabomere) for Complicated Urinary Tract Infection
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 18, 2018; (Issue 1549)
The FDA has approved a fixed-dose combination of
meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, and vaborbactam,
a new beta-lactamase inhibitor (Vabomere – Melinta),
for IV treatment of adults with complicated...
The FDA has approved a fixed-dose combination of
meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, and vaborbactam,
a new beta-lactamase inhibitor (Vabomere – Melinta),
for IV treatment of adults with complicated urinary
tract infections (UTIs) that are proven or strongly
suspected to be caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, or Enterobacter cloacae spp. complex.
Meropenem (Merrem, and generics) has been approved
for years for treatment of complicated skin and skin
structure infections, intra-abdominal infections, and
bacterial meningitis. Resistance to meropenem and
other carbapenems, mainly due to production of
carbapenemases and other extended-spectrum beta-lactamases
(ESBLs), has been increasing worldwide,
particularly among Enterobacteriaceae. Vabomere
is the first carbapenem/beta-lactamase inhibitor
combination to be marketed in the US.
Delafloxacin (Baxdela) - A New Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 26, 2018; (Issue 1543)
The FDA has approved delafloxacin (Baxdela –
Melinta), an anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, for oral
and parenteral treatment of adults with acute bacterial
skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs),...
The FDA has approved delafloxacin (Baxdela –
Melinta), an anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, for oral
and parenteral treatment of adults with acute bacterial
skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), including
those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). It is the first fluoroquinolone to be
approved for treatment of MRSA.
Drugs for Common Bacterial Infections in Adults
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 23, 2017; (Issue 1532)
Bacterial infections in adults are generally treated
empirically, with the antibiotic covering most, but not
all, of the potential causative pathogens. For some
infections, culture and sensitivity testing...
Bacterial infections in adults are generally treated
empirically, with the antibiotic covering most, but not
all, of the potential causative pathogens. For some
infections, culture and sensitivity testing can guide
treatment, allowing for use of narrower-spectrum
antibiotics. The recommended dosages and durations
of antibiotic treatment for common respiratory, skin, and
urinary tract infections are listed in Tables 1-3. Infectious
disease experts now recommend shorter treatment
durations for many infections to reduce the development
of antimicrobial resistance and minimize adverse effects.
Ceftazidime/Avibactam (Avycaz) - A New Intravenous Antibiotic
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 25, 2015; (Issue 1469)
The FDA has approved ceftazidime/avibactam
(Avycaz – Actavis) for IV treatment of complicated
urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections in adults
who have limited or no other treatment...
The FDA has approved ceftazidime/avibactam
(Avycaz – Actavis) for IV treatment of complicated
urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections in adults
who have limited or no other treatment options.
Ceftolozane/tazobactam (Zerbaxa – Cubist), another
cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination,
was approved in 2014.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 13, 2015; (Issue 1466)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often
ask for information about prevention of diarrhea,
malaria, and other travel-related conditions. Vaccines
recommended for travelers based on their...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often
ask for information about prevention of diarrhea,
malaria, and other travel-related conditions. Vaccines
recommended for travelers based on their destination,
length of stay, and planned activities were reviewed in
a previous issue.
Probiotics Revisited
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 7, 2013; (Issue 1407)
Probiotics are live, nonpathogenic microorganisms
(usually bacteria or yeasts) marketed as dietary supplements.
They have not been approved by the FDA for
any indication. Since our last article on this...
Probiotics are live, nonpathogenic microorganisms
(usually bacteria or yeasts) marketed as dietary supplements.
They have not been approved by the FDA for
any indication. Since our last article on this subject,
some new data have become available.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 1, 2012; (Issue 122)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence
of postoperative infection, particularly surgical site
infection, after some procedures. Recommendations
for such prophylaxis are listed in the table that...
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence
of postoperative infection, particularly surgical site
infection, after some procedures. Recommendations
for such prophylaxis are listed in the table that begins
on page 74. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for dental procedures
to prevent endocarditis was recently discussed
in The Medical Letter.
Drugs for Urinary Tract Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 23, 2012; (Issue 1395)
The most recent guidelines from the Infectious
Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and its European
counterpart on the choice of antimicrobials for treatment
of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)...
The most recent guidelines from the Infectious
Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and its European
counterpart on the choice of antimicrobials for treatment
of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in
non-pregnant women focus on the unnecessary use of
fluoroquinolones to treat uropathogens that are
increasingly becoming resistant to them. Resistance
of Escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin in the US has
increased from 3% in 2000 to 17.1% in 2010.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2012; (Issue 118)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask
for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention
of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for
travelers is available from the Centers...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask
for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention
of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for
travelers is available from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) at www.cdc.gov/travel.
Guidelines are also available from the Infectious
Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
Levofloxacin Revisited
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 11, 2011; (Issue 1368)
A Medical Letter reader has asked us to review the
safety of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin
(Levaquin – Ortho-McNeil-Janssen), which has just
been approved for generic use by the FDA and...
A Medical Letter reader has asked us to review the
safety of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin
(Levaquin – Ortho-McNeil-Janssen), which has just
been approved for generic use by the FDA and has
been at the center of some recent lawsuits regarding
the adequacy of its safety warnings.
Ceftaroline Fosamil (Teflaro) - A New IV Cephalosporin
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 24, 2011; (Issue 1356)
The FDA has approved ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro –
Forest), an intravenous (IV) cephalosporin, for treatment
of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections,
including those caused by...
The FDA has approved ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro –
Forest), an intravenous (IV) cephalosporin, for treatment
of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections,
including those caused by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and for treatment of
community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. It
is the first beta-lactam antibiotic approved for treatment
of MRSA.
Drugs for Bacterial Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2010; (Issue 94)
The text below reviews some common bacterial infections and their treatment. The recommendations made
here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter...
The text below reviews some common bacterial infections and their treatment. The recommendations made
here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 1, 2009; (Issue 87)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Guidelines are also available from the Infectious Diseases...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Guidelines are also available from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2009; (Issue 85)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Drug selection is guided by disease type (Crohn's versus ulcerative colitis), severity and location and whether the goal is...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Drug selection is guided by disease type (Crohn's versus ulcerative colitis), severity and location and whether the goal is induction or maintenance of remission. Table 1 on page 66 lists the drugs used to treat IBD with their formulations and cost. Table 2 on page 68 lists the drugs of choice and their doses for different indications. Table 3 on page 71 lists the drugs' adverse effects and recommendations for monitoring. More detailed guidelines are available from the American College of Gastroenterology.
Drugs for Travelers' Diarrhea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 28, 2008; (Issue 1291)
The most common cause of travelers' diarrhea, usually a self-limited illness without fever lasting several days, is infection with noninvasive enterotoxigenic (ETEC) or enteroaggregative (EAEC) strains of...
The most common cause of travelers' diarrhea, usually a self-limited illness without fever lasting several days, is infection with noninvasive enterotoxigenic (ETEC) or enteroaggregative (EAEC) strains of Escherichia coli. Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Aeromonas, viruses and parasites are less common.
Addendum: Probiotics
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 3, 2007; (Issue 1275)
(Vol. 49, p. 66, August 13, 2007) A reader has pointed out that Saccharomyces boulardii is not a separate species, but a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae (including S. boulardii) has been...
(Vol. 49, p. 66, August 13, 2007) A reader has pointed out that Saccharomyces boulardii is not a separate species, but a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae (including S. boulardii) has been reported to cause systemic infection after oral ingestion in both immunocompromised patients and healthy hosts (MJ McCullough et al. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2613).
Probiotics
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 13, 2007; (Issue 1267)
Probiotics are live, nonpathogenic microorganisms (usually bacteria or yeasts) that have been used for centuries for their potential health benefits. They are currently marketed for prevention and treatment of...
Probiotics are live, nonpathogenic microorganisms (usually bacteria or yeasts) that have been used for centuries for their potential health benefits. They are currently marketed for prevention and treatment of a variety of disorders, including diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2007; (Issue 57)
Information about empirical treatment of bacterial infections, emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance, new drugs and new data about older drugs continue to become available. Usual pathogens and empiric...
Information about empirical treatment of bacterial infections, emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance, new drugs and new data about older drugs continue to become available. Usual pathogens and empiric treatment for some common types of infections are summarized in the text and a table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 40. The recommendations made here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2006; (Issue 45)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for information about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for information about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) or www.cdc.gov/travel.
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 12, 2005; (Issue 1217)
Tigecycline (Tygacil - Wyeth), a derivative of minocycline, is a new intravenous (IV) antibiotic approved for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and skin and skin-structure...
Tigecycline (Tygacil - Wyeth), a derivative of minocycline, is a new intravenous (IV) antibiotic approved for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and skin and skin-structure infections.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2004; (Issue 21)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers for...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) or www.cdc.gov/travel. Recommendations for the treatment of parasitic diseases are available in the public reading room of The Medical Letter's web site.
Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 2004; (Issue 19)
New drugs for bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some common bacterial infections is discussed in this article. A table listing the...
New drugs for bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some common bacterial infections is discussed in this article. A table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 18. These recommendations are based on results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants. Local resistance patterns should be taken into account. Trade names are listed on page 24.
The Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 20, 2001; (Issue 1111)
New drugs for treatment of bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some infections is discussed and a table listing the drugs of choice...
New drugs for treatment of bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some infections is discussed and a table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen are contained in this article. These recommendations are based on results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and opinions of Medical Letter consultants. Local resistance patterns should be taken into account.
The Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 22, 1999; (Issue 1064)
Since The Medical Letter last reviewed the choice of drugs for treatment of bacterial infections, a few new drugs and some new information about older drugs have become...
Since The Medical Letter last reviewed the choice of drugs for treatment of bacterial infections, a few new drugs and some new information about older drugs have become available.