Zaleplon, a pyrazolopyrimidine hypnotic, was recently approved by the FDA for short-term treatment of insomia. Zaleplon, like zolpidem, is a non-benzodiazepine that binds to benzodiazepine receptors.

Changes caused by one drug in the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of another may lead to a pharmacokinetic adverse drug interaction (DN Juurlink et al, JAMA 2003; 289:1652). Additive drug interactions, such as vasodilation caused by both sildenafil (Viagra) and nitrates, can also have adverse effects.

Flosequinan (Manoplax - Boots), a fluoroquinolone derivative, is now available in the USA for treatment of congestive heart failure. Labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration recommends the drug only for patients who cannot tolerate or have not responded adequately to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.

Bromfenac sodium (Duract - Wyeth-Ayerst), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is being heavily advertised as an alternative to narcotics for short-term treatment of pain.

View the Comparison Table: Triptans for Migraine

Felodipine (Plendil - Merck), an extended-release preparation of a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of hypertension. An immediate-release formulation is available in some other countries.

Midodrine hydrochloride (ProAmatine - Roberts), an alpha1-selective adrenergic agonist, is now available for treatment of severe symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. Other treatments for this condition include other sympathomimetics, constrictive garments, erythropoietin (Epogen; Procrit) and fludrocortisone with salt (D Robertson and TL Davis, Neurology, 45 suppl 5: S26, 1995).

The FDA has approved a new low-dose formulation of the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin (Silenor – Somaxon) for treatment of insomnia associated with sleep maintenance. The manufacturer claims that this dose retains the hypnotic effect of doxepin, without typical tricyclic adverse effects. Doxepin is available generically in higher-strength capsules and in a liquid formulation.

Bupropion (Wellbutrin - Burroughs Wellcome) was recently marketed in the USA for treatment of depression. First approved by the Food and Drug Administration in late 1985, the drug was withdrawn from the market in early 1986 because of a high incidence of seizures in one study.

Moricizine (mor i'; siz een) hydrochloride (Ethmozine - Du Pont), a class I antiarrhythmic drug developed in the USSR, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.