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Treatment Guidelines from The Medical Letter

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138

February 1, 2014

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Drugs for HIV Infection

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Drugs for HIV Infection

February 1, 2014 (Issue: 138)

Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all HIV-infected patients, both to reduce the risk of disease progression and to prevent transmission of the virus to others. Various guidelines for treatment of HIV infection are available.

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1. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at www.aidsinfo.nih.gov. Accessed January 15, 2014.

2. MA Thompson et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2012 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA panel. JAMA 2012; 308:387.

3. MS Cohen et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early retroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:493.

4. JA Aberg et al. Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with HIV: 2013 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:e1.

5. PE Sax et al. Abacavir/lamivudine versus tenofovir DF/emtricitabine as part of combination regimens for initial treatment of HIV: final results. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1191.

6. KY Smith et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-matched, multicenter trial of abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine with lopinavir/ritonavir for initial HIV treatment. AIDS 2009; 23:1547.

7. SL Walmsley et al. Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:1807.

8. ES Daar et al. Atazanavir plus ritonavir or efavirenz as part of a 3-drug regimen for initial treatment of HIV-1. Ann Intern Med 2011; 154:445.

9. Rilpivirine (Edurant) – a new drug for HIV infection. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2011;53:67.

10. CJ Cohen et al. Rilpivirine versus efavirenz with two background nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in treatment-naive adults infected with HIV-1 (THRIVE): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2011; 378:229.

11. JM Molina et al. Rilpivirine versus efavirenz with tenofovir and emtricitabine in treatment-naive adults infected with HIV-1 (ECHO): a phase 3 randomised double-blind active-controlled trial. Lancet 2011; 378:238.

12. P Tebas et al. SPIRIT study: switching boosted PI to rilpivirine in-combination with Truvada as a single-tablet regimen week 24 results. 14th International Workshop on Co-morbidities and Adverse Drug Reaction in HIV.; Washington DC, July 20 2012. Available at: http://www.natap.org.

13. R Schrijvers et al. Rilpivirine: a step forward in tailored HIV treatment. Lancet 2011; 378:201.

14. E Poveda et al. Phenotypic impact of resistance mutations on etravirine susceptibility in HIV patients with prior failure to nonnucleoside analogues. AIDS 2008; 22:2395.

15. JM Molina et al. Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir compared with twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 96-week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 53:323.

16. Panel on treatment of HIV-infected pregnant women and prevention of perinatal transmission. Recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission in the United States. Available at www.aidsinfo.nih.gov. Accessed January 5, 2014.

17. AM Mills et al. Once-daily darunavir/ritonavir vs. lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients: 96-week analysis: AIDS 2009; 23:1679.

18. D Bánhegyi et al. Week 96 efficacy, virology and safety of darunavir/r versus lopinavir/r in treatment-experienced patients in TITAN. Curr HIV Res 2012; 10:171.

19. J Eron Jr et al. The KLEAN study of fosamprenavir-ritonavir versus lopinavir-ritonavir, each in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, for initial treatment of HIV infection over 48 weeks: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2006; 368:476.

20. S Walmsley et al. Gemini: a noninferiority study of saquinavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir as initial HIV-1 therapy in adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 50:367.

21. M Markowitz et al. Rapid and durable antiretroviral effect of the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor raltegravir as part of combination therapy in treatment-naive patients with HIV-1 infection: results of a 48-week controlled study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46:125.

22. JL Lennox et al. STARTMRK Investigators. Safety and efficacy of raltegravir-based versus efavirenz-based combination therapy in treatment-naive patients with HIV-1 infection: a multicentre, double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374:796.

23. JJ Eron et al. Switch to a raltegravir-based regimen versus continuation of a lopinavir-ritonavir-based regimen in stable HIV-infected patients with suppressed viraemia (SWITCHMRK 1 and 2): two multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2010; 375:396.

24. E Vispo et al. simplificationfrom protease inhibitors to once- or twice-daily raltegravir: the ODIS Trial. HIV Clin Trials 2010; 11:197.

25. E Martínez et al. Substitution of raltegravir for ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in HIV-infected patients: the SPIRAL study. AIDS 2010; 24:1697.

26. A 4 drug combination (Stribild) for HIV. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:95.

27. PE Sax et al. Co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir versus co-formulated efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial, analysis of results after 48 weeks. Lancet 2012; 379:2439.

28. E DeJesus et al. Co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus co-formulated emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2012; 379:2429.

29. Dolutegravir (Tivicay) for HIV. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2013; 55:77.

30. F Raffi et al. Once-daily dolutegravir versus raltegravir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48 week results from the randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority SPRING-2 study. Lancet 2013; 381:735.

31. J Feinberg et al. Once-daily dolutegravir (DTG) is superior to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) in antiretroviral naive adults: 48 week results from FLAMINGO. Presented at 53rd Interscience Con ference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Denver, CO; September 10-13, 2013. Available at http://www.icaaconline.com. Accessed January 5, 2014.

32. JJ Eron et al. Safety and efficacy of dolutegravir in treatment-experienced subjects with raltegravir-resistant HIV type 1 infection: 24-week results of the VIKING Study. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:740.

33. M Westby et al. Emergence of CXCR4-using human immunoDeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants in a minority of HIV-1-infected patients following treatment with the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc is from a pretreatment CXCR4-using virus reservoir. J Virol 2006; 80:4909.

34. AM Cotter et al. Is antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, or stillbirth? J Infect Dis 2006; 193:1195.

35. DH Watts et al. Combination antiretroviral use and preterm birth. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:612.

36. JY Chen et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and adverse birth outcomes among HIV-1 infected women in Botswana. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1695.

37. In brief: Truvada for HIV prevention. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:63.

38. RM Grant et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:2587.

39. JM Baeten et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:399.

40. Centers for Disease Control. Update to interim guidance for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection: PrEP for injecting drug users. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013; 62:463.

41. DT Kuhar et al. Updated US Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to human immunoDeficiency virus and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013; 34:875.

42. DK Smith et al. Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection drug-use or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States. Recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. MMWR Recomm Rep 2005; 54 (RR-2):1.

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