Escitalopram (Lexapro - Forest), the active S-enantiomer of racemic citalopram (Celexa - Forest), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was recently approved by the FDA for treatment of depression. The manufacturer plans to stop promoting Celexa in favor of Lexapro; Celexa will continue to be available for patients already taking it.

A once-weekly 35-mg oral formulation of the bisphosphonate risedronate (Actonel) has been approved by the FDA for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A once-weekly formulation of alendronate (Fosamax) was approved last year (Medical Letter 2001; 43:26). Bisphosphonates bind to the mineral surface of bone and decrease osteoclast activity, inhibiting the resorption phase of the bone turnover cycle. These drugs are not metabolized and remain bound to bone for several weeks.

There is no longer any doubt that an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can reliably terminate most life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The remaining question is who should get one. Guidelines prepared by an American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force have recently been published (G Gregoratos et al, Circulation 2002; 106:2145).

A patch formulation of oxybutynin (Oxytrol - Watson) is now available for treatment of overactive bladder. It is claimed to be as effective as the oral drug, with less dry mouth.

High doses of beta carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc oxide are now being promoted to the general public to "preserve eye health" (Ocuvite PreserVision), "promote retinal and visual health" (VisiVite) and "preserve healthy vision" (ICaps). Internet advertisements for these products all refer to a clinical trial, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), which was conducted in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Recently pharmaceutical manufacturers have marketed a stereoisomer of a successful drug nearing patent expiration as a new drug. Examples, such as esomeprazole (Nexium) , levalbuterol (Xopenex), escitalopram (Lexapro) and dexmethylphenidate

Testing for HIV infection in the US typically has been a two-step process that requires patients to return for results. This review describes two rapid tests currently FDA-approved, OraQuick and Reveal. It includes a table with the cost and characteristics of each test (result time, device type, equipment needed, etc.).

Memantine hydrochloride, which has been used to treat dementia in Germany (Axura Merz) since 1982, has become the latest word-of-mouth miracle drug for Alzheimer's disease in the US (G Kolata, NY Times, June 15, 2003). Forest Laboratories has submitted a New Drug Application to the FDA for memantine. This review describes the standard treatment for Alzheimer's Disease, mechanism of action, clinical studies, adverse effects and dosage. Also included are sections on availability of the drug and how some people are obtaining memantine from abroad.

An FDA Advisory Committee has recommended over-the-counter (OTC) marketing of Plan B (Barr), an emergency contraceptive "pill pack" that contains two 0.75-mg tablets of levonorgestrel to be taken 12 hours apart (Medical Letter 2000; 42:10). Plan B is one of two FDA-approved products for this indication. The Preven Emergency Contraceptive Kit (Medical Letter, 40:102, 1998) includes four tablets, each containing 0.25 mg of levonorgestrel and 50 ╡g of ethinyl estradiol; these are taken 2 at a time 12 hours apart (the "Yuzpe regimen") and are available only by...

An injectable gel of hyaluronic acid (Restylane) has been approved by the FDA for correction of moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, such as nasolabial folds. Manufactured by Q-Med AB, a Swedish company, it has been used outside the US since 1996.