Mefloquine hydrochloride (Lariam - Roche), a new antimalarial drug chemically related to quinine, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention and treatment of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria.

Duloxetine (Cymbalta - Lilly) is the second drug to be approved by the FDA for treatment of fibromyalgia. Pregabalin (Lyrica), which is also approved for treatment of neuropathic pain and epilepsy, was the first. Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is already marketed for treatment of depression and diabetic neuropathy.

The FDA has approved Gimoti (Evoke), a nasal spray formulation of the dopamine-2 (D₂) receptor antagonist metoclopramide, for relief of symptoms in adults with acute and recurrent diabetic gastroparesis. Metoclopramide (Reglan, and generics) has been available for years in conventional and orally-disintegrating tablets and in an injectable formulation. It is the only drug that is FDA-approved for treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.

Anticonvulsants are now widely used for treatment of psychiatric illnesses, particularly bipolar disorder. Lithium is the standard drug for treatment of bipolar disorder, but it can cause severe toxicity, serum concentrations must be monitored, and it is not effective in some patients.

The FDA has approved cenobamate (Xcopri – SK Life Science) for oral treatment of partial-onset (focal) seizures in adults.

Milnacipran (Savella - Forest), an oral selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is the third drug approved by the FDA for management of fibromyalgia. The 2 others are pregabalin, a gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) analog also approved for treatment of diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia and epilepsy, and duloxetine, an SNRI also approved for treatment of depression, diabetic neuropathy and generalized anxiety disorder.

An oral nonopioid analgesic is often sufficient for acute treatment of mild to moderate migraine pain without severe nausea or vomiting. A triptan is the drug of choice for treatment of moderate to severe migraine in most patients without vascular disease. Treatment of pain when it is still mild to moderate in intensity improves headache response and reduces the risk of recurrence.