The subcutaneously injected interleukin-13 (IL-13) antagonist tralokinumab-ldrm (Adbry – Leo) and the oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors abrocitinib (Cibinqo – Pfizer) and upadacitinib (Rinvoq – Abbvie) have been approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

The FDA has approved gepotidacin (Blujepa – GSK), a triazaacenaphthylene bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitor, for oral treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI) in female patients ≥12 years old who weigh ≥40 kg. Gepotidacin is the first triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic to be approved in the US.

The FDA has approved two antibiotics, gepotidacin (Blujepa — GSK) and zoliflodacin (Nuzolvence — Entasis), for oral treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea in patients ≥12 years old. Gepotidacin is approved for use in persons weighing ≥45 kg who have limited or no alternative treatment options; it was approved in 2025 for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in females. Zoliflodacin is approved for use in persons weighing ≥35 kg. Neither drug is indicated for treatment of rectal or pharyngeal gonorrhea.

Drugs for gout are used to reduce the pain and inflammation of acute flares, decrease the frequency of exacerbations, and lower serum urate levels to prevent recurrent flares, development of tophi, and joint damage.

View the Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Gout

Overweight is generally defined as a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 in adults. A BMI ≥30 is considered obese (criteria differ slightly in Asian patients). In patients with an elevated BMI, a 5-10% reduction in weight has been associated with a reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Diet, exercise, and behavior modification are the traditional methods for losing weight, but they are often inadequate; the American College of Cardiology no longer recommends that all patients try lifestyle modification alone before adding...

Cholesterol management guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force were last published in 2019.

Onychomycosis is caused most commonly by Trichophyton rubrum or T. mentagrophytes. About 10% of all persons worldwide and 40% of those ≥60 years old are believed to have the disease. Risk factors include older age, diabetes, poor peripheral circulation, smoking, HIV infection, psoriasis, and immunosuppression. Left untreated, onychomycosis can cause nail plate destruction, ingrown nails, and (particularly in patients with diabetes) secondary infections. Guidelines on treatment of onychomycosis have been published.

The main goals of treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are to relieve symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, prevent disease progression, and reduce mortality. GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) guidelines for treatment of COPD were updated recently. Treatment of acute exacerbations is not discussed here. Drugs available for treatment of COPD are listed in Tables 1 and 3.