Diet, exercise, and weight loss can improve glycemic control, but almost all patients with type 2 diabetes require antihyperglycemic drug therapy. Treating to a target A1C of <7% while minimizing hypoglycemia is recommended to prevent microvascular complications of diabetes (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). An A1C target of <8% may be appropriate for some older patients.

The injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist semaglutide (Wegovy) has received accelerated approval from the FDA for treatment of noncirrhotic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH; previously known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis in adults. It is the second drug and the first GLP-1 receptor agonist to be approved in the US for treatment of MASH; resmetirom (Rezdiffra), a thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonist, was granted accelerated approval for the same indication in 2024.

Resmetirom (Rezdiffra – Madrigal), a thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonist, has received accelerated approval from the FDA for treatment of noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with moderate to advanced fibrosis in adults. NASH has recently been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Resmetirom is the first drug to be approved in the US for this indication.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is prevalent in 0.5% of adults in the US; it is about 2.5 times more common in women than in men. Guidelines for treatment of RA from the American College of Rheumatology were recently updated. The goal of treatment is to minimize disease activity and prevent irreversible joint damage.