Matching articles for "oxymetazoline"
Drugs for Rosacea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 5, 2024; (Issue 1695)
Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory facial
eruption of unknown cause. It is more prevalent
in women than in men, and disease onset typically
occurs after age 30. Rosacea is characterized
by erythema,...
Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory facial
eruption of unknown cause. It is more prevalent
in women than in men, and disease onset typically
occurs after age 30. Rosacea is characterized
by erythema, telangiectasia, and flushing, and
sometimes by recurrent, progressive crops of
acneiform papules and pustules, usually on the
central part of the face. Some patients develop
granulomas and tissue hypertrophy, which may lead
to rhinophyma (a bulbous nose), particularly in men.
Blepharitis and conjunctivitis are common. Keratitis
and corneal scarring occur rarely.
Comparison Table: Some Topical Drugs for Rosacea (online only)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 5, 2024; (Issue 1695)
...
View the Comparison Table: Some Topical Drugs for Rosacea
Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Conjunctivitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 19, 2021; (Issue 1622)
The choice of drugs for treatment of allergic rhinitis
depends on the severity of symptoms and whether
they are intermittent or persistent (see Table...
The choice of drugs for treatment of allergic rhinitis
depends on the severity of symptoms and whether
they are intermittent or persistent (see Table 1).
Minocycline Foam (Zilxi) for Rosacea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 16, 2020; (Issue 1611)
The FDA has approved a 1.5% topical foam formulation
of minocycline (Zilxi – Foamix) for treatment of
inflammatory lesions of rosacea in adults. It is
the only topical minocycline product approved...
The FDA has approved a 1.5% topical foam formulation
of minocycline (Zilxi – Foamix) for treatment of
inflammatory lesions of rosacea in adults. It is
the only topical minocycline product approved for
this indication. The same manufacturer markets
minocycline foam 4% (Amzeeq) for treatment of acne
in patients ≥9 years old.
OTC Drugs for Seasonal Allergies
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 22, 2019; (Issue 1570)
Patients with seasonal allergies often experience
nasal itching and congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea,
and itchy, watery eyes. Oral, intranasal, and ophthalmic
preparations are widely available over the...
Patients with seasonal allergies often experience
nasal itching and congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea,
and itchy, watery eyes. Oral, intranasal, and ophthalmic
preparations are widely available over the counter
(OTC) for relief of symptoms. Prescription products for
management of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis
are reviewed separately.
OTC Brimonidine (Lumify) for Ocular Redness
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 22, 2018; (Issue 1558)
The FDA has approved an over-the-counter (OTC)
0.025% ophthalmic formulation of the selective
alpha2-adrenergic agonist brimonidine tartrate (Lumify
– Bausch & Lomb) for treatment of ocular redness...
The FDA has approved an over-the-counter (OTC)
0.025% ophthalmic formulation of the selective
alpha2-adrenergic agonist brimonidine tartrate (Lumify
– Bausch & Lomb) for treatment of ocular redness in
adults and children ≥5 years old. Lumify is the first
brimonidine product to be approved for OTC use.
Oxymetazoline Cream (Rhofade) for Rosacea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 22, 2017; (Issue 1521)
The FDA has approved the selective alpha1A-adrenergic
receptor agonist oxymetazoline as a 1% cream (Rhofade
– Allergan) for topical treatment of persistent facial
erythema of rosacea in adults....
The FDA has approved the selective alpha1A-adrenergic
receptor agonist oxymetazoline as a 1% cream (Rhofade
– Allergan) for topical treatment of persistent facial
erythema of rosacea in adults. Brimonidine, a selective
alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, was approved in
2013 as a 0.33% gel (Mirvaso) for the same indication.
Like Mirvaso, Rhofade is not indicated for treatment of
inflammatory lesions of rosacea. Oxymetazoline has
been available over the counter for many years as a
nasal decongestant spray (Afrin, and others).
Drugs for Allergic Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 8, 2017; (Issue 1520)
Allergic rhinitis can be classified as seasonal,
perennial, or episodic. It is often associated with
allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and asthma. H1-ANTIHISTAMINES — Oral – Oral...
Allergic rhinitis can be classified as seasonal,
perennial, or episodic. It is often associated with
allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and asthma.
H1-ANTIHISTAMINES — Oral – Oral second-generation H1-antihistamines are the preferred first-line treatment for relief of the itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea that characterize mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis. They are less effective for nasal congestion.
H1-ANTIHISTAMINES — Oral – Oral second-generation H1-antihistamines are the preferred first-line treatment for relief of the itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea that characterize mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis. They are less effective for nasal congestion.
In Brief: Oral Phenylephrine for Nasal Congestion
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 21, 2015; (Issue 1484)
In 2007, an FDA advisory committee asked that placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials be conducted to establish the efficacy of the oral decongestant phenylephrine (Sudafed PE, and others), which is sold over...
In 2007, an FDA advisory committee asked that placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials be conducted to establish the efficacy of the oral decongestant phenylephrine (Sudafed PE, and others), which is sold over the counter (OTC) as a single agent and in combination with other drugs for treatment of cold and allergy symptoms. Phenylephrine replaced pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, and others) in many OTC formulations when access to pseudoephedrine-containing products was restricted in an effort to reduce their use in the synthesis of methamphetamine.
CLINICAL STUDIES — In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial in 539 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, phenylephrine doses up to four times the recommended dose of 10 mg were no more effective than placebo in reducing symptomatic nasal congestion.1 Other recent studies have also found oral phenylephrine no more effective than placebo in reducing nasal congestion.2-4
ALTERNATIVES – Oral pseudoephedrine reduces nasal congestion, but has no effect on other symptoms such as sneezing, itching, or rhinitis, and tolerance to its effects can occur with repeated use. Potential adverse effects include insomnia, excitability, headache, nervousness, anorexia, palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention. Pseudoephedrine should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, narrow-angle glaucoma, or bladder neck obstruction.
Intranasal decongestants such as oxymetazoline (Afrin, and others) are effective and less likely than pseudoephedrine to cause systemic adverse effects, but they can cause stinging, burning, sneezing, dryness of the nose and throat, and, if used for more than 3-5 consecutive days, rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa). Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective drugs available for prevention and relief of nasal congestion and other seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms.5
CONCLUSION — Oral phenylephrine is not effective for treatment of nasal congestion.
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CLINICAL STUDIES — In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial in 539 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, phenylephrine doses up to four times the recommended dose of 10 mg were no more effective than placebo in reducing symptomatic nasal congestion.1 Other recent studies have also found oral phenylephrine no more effective than placebo in reducing nasal congestion.2-4
ALTERNATIVES – Oral pseudoephedrine reduces nasal congestion, but has no effect on other symptoms such as sneezing, itching, or rhinitis, and tolerance to its effects can occur with repeated use. Potential adverse effects include insomnia, excitability, headache, nervousness, anorexia, palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention. Pseudoephedrine should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, narrow-angle glaucoma, or bladder neck obstruction.
Intranasal decongestants such as oxymetazoline (Afrin, and others) are effective and less likely than pseudoephedrine to cause systemic adverse effects, but they can cause stinging, burning, sneezing, dryness of the nose and throat, and, if used for more than 3-5 consecutive days, rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa). Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective drugs available for prevention and relief of nasal congestion and other seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms.5
CONCLUSION — Oral phenylephrine is not effective for treatment of nasal congestion.
- EO Meltzer et al. Oral phenylephrine HCl for nasal congestion in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015; 3:702.
- EO Meltzer at al. Phenylephrine hydrochloride modified-release tablets for nasal congestion: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in allergic rhinitis patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015 November 7 (epub).
- F Horak et al. A placebo-controlled study of the nasal decongestant effect of phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine in the Vienna Challenge Chamber. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 102:116.
- JH Day et al. Efficacy of loratadine-montelukast on nasal congestion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in an environmental exposure unit. Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 102:328.
- Drugs for allergic disorders. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2013; 11:43.
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Drugs for Allergic Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 1, 2007; (Issue 60)
Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis and asthma (reviewed in Treatment Guidelines 2005; 3:33 and not included here), are prevalent worldwide, especially in...
Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis and asthma (reviewed in Treatment Guidelines 2005; 3:33 and not included here), are prevalent worldwide, especially in industrialized countries. Pharmacologic treatment of these disorders continues to improve in efficacy and safety. In addition to using drugs to prevent and control the symptoms of their allergic diseases, patients should also be instructed to avoid, if possible, specific allergens and/or environmental conditions that trigger or worsen their symptoms.
Drugs for Allergic Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 1, 2003; (Issue 15)
Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and anaphylaxis, along with asthma (reviewed in Treatment Guidelines 2002; 1:7 and not included here), have increased in prevalence...
Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and anaphylaxis, along with asthma (reviewed in Treatment Guidelines 2002; 1:7 and not included here), have increased in prevalence during the past 30 years and are now epidemic worldwide, especially in industrialized countries. Many safe and effective drugs are currently available for prevention and relief of symptoms in these disorders, but pharmacological treatment alone may not be sufficient. Patients should also be instructed to avoid specific allergens or environmental conditions that trigger their symptoms. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, parenteral administration of gradually increasing doses of the allergen ("allergy shots"), has been effective in allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and allergic asthma, and also in prevention of anaphylaxis triggered by stings from bees, yellow jackets, hornets and wasps. It has not been effective in food allergy, atopic dermatitis or urticaria.