Darunavir (Prezista - Tibotec), a new protease inhibitor, has received accelerated approval from the FDA for use in combination therapy of human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in previously treated adults. It is coadministered with low-dose ritonavir (Norvir), which increases its bioavailability.

Cobicistat, a pharmacokinetic enhancer that boosts levels of some HIV drugs but has no antiretroviral activity of its own, is now available alone as Tybost (Gilead) and in fixed-dose combinations with the protease inhibitors atazanavir (Evotaz — BMS) and darunavir (Prezcobix — Janssen) for treatment of HIV-1 infection. Both atazanavir and darunavir have traditionally been used in combination with the CYP3A inhibitor ritonavir (Norvir) to boost their serum concentrations, but neither is available in a fixed-dose combination with ritonavir.

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The FDA has approved dolutegravir (doll-you-TEG-rah-veer; Tivicay – Viiv Healthcare), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), for treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and in children ≥12 years old who weigh at least 40 kg. It is the third INSTI to be approved by the FDA; raltegravir and elvitegravir were approved earlier.

The FDA has approved elvitegravir (Vitekta – Gilead), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), for use with a protease inhibitor (PI) plus ritonavir and other antiretroviral drugs for treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-experienced adults. Elvitegravir is also available in a fixed-dose combination (Stribild) with the pharmacokinetic enhancer cobicistat and the nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF). A similar combination (Genvoya) that includes tenofovir alafenamide instead of tenofovir...

Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all HIV-infected patients, both to reduce the risk of disease progression and to prevent transmission of the virus to others. Various guidelines for treatment of HIV infection are available.

The FDA has approved Triumeq (Viiv Healthcare), a fixed-dose combination of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) dolutegravir and the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) abacavir and lamivudine, for once-daily treatment of HIV-1 infection. Dolutegravir (Tivicay) was approved as a single agent in 2013.

The FDA has approved Genvoya (Gilead), a fixed-dose combination of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) elvitegravir, the pharmacokinetic enhancer cobicistat, and the nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide, for treatment of HIV-1 infection in patients ≥12 years old. This is the first approval for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a tenofovir prodrug. Stribild, a fixed-dose combination of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), was approved in 2012.

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The FDA has approved Biktarvy (Gilead), a once-daily, fixed-dose combination of bictegravir, a new integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), for treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. The new combination is indicated for use in patients who are antiretroviral-naive or who have been virologically suppressed on a stable antiretroviral regimen for ≥3 months with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to any component of the...