Pharmacologic management of opioid withdrawal symptoms can reduce the intensity of drug craving and improve treatment retention in patients with opioid use disorder who will receive maintenance treatment. Withdrawal management without subsequent maintenance treatment is associated with high rates of relapse, overdose death, and HIV and/or hepatitis C virus infection. Several guidelines on management of opioid withdrawal are available. Maintenance treatment of opioid use disorder was reviewed in a previous issue.

Lasmiditan (Reyvow – Lilly), an oral serotonin (5-HT_1F) receptor agonist, and ubrogepant (Ubrelvy – Allergan), an oral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, have been approved by the FDA for acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.

About 60% of men ≥60 years old have clinically relevant prostatic enlargement due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The goals of treatment are to decrease lower urinary tract symptoms and to prevent disease progression and complications such as acute urinary retention. The American Urologic Association's guidelines for treatment of BPH were recently updated.

The primary symptoms of menopause are genitourinary and vasomotor. The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) includes symptoms such as burning, irritation, dryness, dyspareunia, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infection. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flashes, night sweats) often disrupt sleep.

Smoking tobacco remains the primary preventable cause of death in the US. Smoking cessation often requires both pharmacotherapy and behavioral support.

A variety of cancer chemotherapy drugs are used, mostly in combination, for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. The mechanism of action, indications and adverse effects of some of these drugs are discussed in thei article.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, but cognitive decline also occurs in other neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

The drugs of choice for treatment of common cardiac arrhythmias are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Some drugs are recommended for indications that have not been approved by the FDA.

Use of screening tests to identify cancers before they cause symptoms can lead to earlier therapy and may improve outcomes. Screening tests for some common cancers are reviewed below.

Persons planning to travel outside the US should be up to date on routine vaccines and, depending on their destination, duration of travel, and planned activities, may also receive certain travel-specific vaccines. Tickborne encephalitis and dengue vaccines, which are not available in the US, are reviewed in a separate article available online. Detailed advice for travel to specific destinations is available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at www.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list. Recommendations for administration of vaccines as part of routine...