The subcutaneously injected interleukin-13 (IL-13) antagonist tralokinumab-ldrm (Adbry – Leo) and the oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors abrocitinib (Cibinqo – Pfizer) and upadacitinib (Rinvoq – Abbvie) have been approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

The FDA has approved nivolumab (Opdivo – BMS), an IV programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blocking antibody, for treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma that has progressed following treatment with ipilimumab (and a BRAF inhibitor in patients who are BRAF V600 mutation positive) and for treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. It is the second PD-1 inhibitor to be marketed in the US after pembrolizumab (Keytruda), and the first to be approved for treatment of NSCLC.

Primary hypothyroidism is usually the result of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, goiter or cancer, or radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism.

View the Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Plaque Psoriasis

Arformoterol tartrate (Brovana - Sepracor), a singleisomer, long-acting beta₂-agonist, has been approved by the FDA as an inhalation solution for nebulization for treatment of bronchoconstriction pulmonary disease (COPD). Arformoterol is the (R,R)-enantiomer of formoterol (Foradil), which is available as a powder for inhalation and was recently also approved as a solution for nebulization (Perforomist - Dey; available fall 2007)

Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of postoperative surgical site infection after some procedures. Since the last Medical Letter article on this subject, consensus guidelines have been published. Recommendations for prophylaxis in specific surgical procedures are listed in Table 1.

Mild to moderate plaque psoriasis can be treated with topical drugs and phototherapy. Patients with moderate to severe disease generally require systemic therapy. Guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis with topical therapy, phototherapy, and systemic drugs have recently been published.

American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for treatment of hypertension were last published in 2018. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies is not discussed here.

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy associated with psoriasis. A recent review found that about 20% of patients with psoriasis have psoriatic arthritis. Updated guidelines for treatment of psoriatic arthritis have recently been published.

With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by parasites. The table in this document lists first-choice and alternative drugs for most parasitic infections.