Pharmacologic treatment is recommended for postmenopausal women who have bone density T-scores (standard deviations from normal mean values in the spine, femoral neck, total hip, or distal radius) of -2.5 or below, T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 with a history of fragility (low-trauma) fracture of the hip or spine, or T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 with a FRAX 10-year probability of ≥3% for hip fracture or ≥20% for major osteoporotic fracture.

View the Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

The FDA has approved elacestrant (Orserdu – Stemline), an oral estrogen receptor antagonist, for treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women or men who had disease progression following endocrine therapy. Elacestrant is the first oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) to be approved for treatment of breast cancer; the injectable SERD fulvestrant (Faslodex, and generics) was approved more than 20 years...

Primary hypothyroidism is usually the result of Hashimoto's (autoimmune) thyroiditis, thyroidectomy, or radioactive iodine therapy. Treatment of hypothyroidism with replacement doses of thyroid hormone is usually lifelong. Levothyroxine (LT4; synthetic thyroxine; Synthroid, and others) is the drug of choice.1