Atopic dermatitis (AD; also known as eczema) is frequently associated with other atopic disorders such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy. It commonly presents in infancy and early childhood and has a relapsing course, often improving by adolescence, but sometimes persisting into (or first appearing in) adulthood or even old age.

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The FDA has approved a 1.5% topical cream formulation of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib (Opzelura – Incyte) for short-term, non-continuous chronic treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) in non-immunocompromised patients ≥12 years old whose disease has not been adequately controlled with other topical prescription drugs. Ruxolitinib is the first JAK inhibitor to be approved for topical use and the first to be approved in the US for treatment of AD. An oral formulation of ruxolitinib (Jakafi) is approved for treatment of myelofibrosis, polycythemia...

The FDA has approved Verkazia (Santen), a 0.1% ophthalmic emulsion formulation of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine, for treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Verkazia is the first product to be approved in the US for this indication.

The FDA has approved a 0.15% cream formulation of the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor roflumilast (Zoryve – Arcutis) for topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) in patients ≥6 years old. Roflumilast is the second PDE4 inhibitor to be approved in the US for treatment of AD; crisaborole (Eucrisa), which can be used in patients ≥3 months old, was the first. Roflumilast is available as Zoryve in a 0.3% cream for treatment of plaque psoriasis and a 0.3% foam for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. It is also available in an oral formulation (Daliresp) for...

Tapinarof 1% cream (Vtama – Dermavant), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, has been approved by the FDA for topical treatment of atopic dermatitis in patients ≥2 years old. Tapinarof is the first AhR agonist to be approved in the US for this indication. It was approved in 2022 for treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults.

Voclosporin (Lupkynis – Aurinia), an oral calcineurin inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA for use in combination with the antimetabolite immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept, and generics) and a corticosteroid for treatment of adults with active lupus nephritis. It is the first calcineurin inhibitor to be approved in the US for this indication. Tacrolimus (Prograf, and others) and cyclosporine (Neoral, and others), the other available systemic calcineurin inhibitors, are approved for prophylaxis of organ rejection in transplant patients.

Efgartigimod alfa-fcab (Vyvgart – Argenx), a first-in-class neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonist, has been approved by the FDA for IV treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis in adults who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive. The IV complement inhibitor eculizumab (Soliris) was approved for the same indication in 2017.

The B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)-specific inhibitor belimumab (Benlysta – GSK), which was approved earlier for treatment of active, autoantibody-positive, nonrenal, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), has now been approved for use in addition to standard therapy for treatment of active lupus nephritis in adults. Belimumab is the first drug to be approved in the US for treatment of both SLE and lupus nephritis.

The 1.5% cream formulation of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib (Opzelura – Incyte) has been approved by the FDA for topical treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) in patients ≥12 years old. Opzelura is the first product to be approved by the FDA for this indication. It was previously approved for treatment of atopic dermatitis.