Ambrisentan (Letairis - Gilead), a selective endothelin type A (ET_A) receptor antagonist, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of symptomatic patients (WHO class II or III) with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with the relapsing-remitting form of the disease. Pharmacologic treatment usually includes a disease-modifying drug, corticosteroids for acute exacerbations, and other drugs for managing symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and pain. Early use of disease-modifying therapy has improved clinical outcomes.

The B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)-specific inhibitor belimumab (Benlysta – GSK), which was approved earlier for treatment of active, autoantibody-positive, nonrenal, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), has now been approved for use in addition to standard therapy for treatment of active lupus nephritis in adults. Belimumab is the first drug to be approved in the US for treatment of both SLE and lupus nephritis.

About 50% of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori. These gastric bacteria can cause chronic inflammation and have been associated with development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Eradication of H. pylori can promote gastric healing, prevent recurrence of duodenal and gastric ulcers, and reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. Guidelines for treatment of H. pylori infection were updated recently.

The FDA has approved fidaxomicin (Dificid – Optimer), a new oral macrolide antibiotic, for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in patients ≥18 years old. The incidence and severity of C. difficile infection (CDI) have increased in recent years with the emergence of an epidemic hypervirulent strain (NAP1/B1/027), possibly related to widespread use of fluoroquinolones.

The FDA has approved a 6% otic suspension formulation of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Otiprio – Otonomy) for single-dose treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus in patients ≥6 months old. Otiprio was approved earlier for prophylaxis in children with bilateral otitis media with effusion who are undergoing tympanostomy tube placement.

The oral kinase inhibitor pemigatinib (Pemazyre – Incyte) has received accelerated approval from the FDA for treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions or other rearrangements. Pemigatinib is the first drug to be approved in the US for this indication.

The FDA has approved datopotamab deruxtecan (Datroway – Daiichi Sankyo/AstraZeneca), a trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2)-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor conjugate, for treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer who received prior endocrine-based therapy and chemotherapy for unresectable or metastatic disease.

The FDA has approved ciprofloxacin 6% otic suspension (Otiprio – Otonomy) for single-dose prophylaxis in children with bilateral otitis media with effusion who are undergoing tympanostomy tube placement. It is the first drug to be approved for this indication in the US. Otic formulations of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics ofloxacin (Floxin Otic, and generics) and ciprofloxacin (plus dexamethasone; Ciprodex) have been available for years for treatment of acute otitis media in children with tympanostomy tubes; an otic suspension containing ciprofloxacin and fluocinolone...

Palbociclib (Ibrance – Pfizer), an oral cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA for use in combination with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (Femara, and generics) for first-line treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer. It is the first cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor to become available in the US.