Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancer. Sunscreens are widely used to reduce these risks, but questions remain about their effectiveness and safety. The FDA has issued a proposed rule that would require manufacturers to perform additional safety studies for some sunscreen active ingredients and would mandate better UVA protection in sunscreen products. Some sunscreen products containing FDA-approved active ingredients are listed in Table 2.

View the Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Plaque Psoriasis

Most colorectal cancers arise from localized adenomatous polyps in a process that may take 10 years or more. Early detection and removal of a precancerous colonic lesion (polyp) can prevent cancer from developing.

The new Advanced Care Cholesterol Test (Johnson & Johnson) now being advertised to the general public encourages patients to test their own serum cholesterol concentrations. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, this product is available in pharmacies without a prescription at a cost of about $20 for a single determination.

Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring heptanedicarboxylic acid, has been marketed in the USA as a 20% cream (Azelex - Allergan) for treatment of acne. The drug has been available in Europe for several years.

Results of a recent study suggested that zinc gluconate may be effective in treating the common cold (SB Mossad et al, Ann Intern Med, 125:81, July 15, 1996). Zinc gluconate lozenges, sometimes combined with vitamin C or other ingredients, are available in pharmacies and health food stores throughout the USA.

Nearly 30 years after the first publication of Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution promoting a high-protein, extremely low-carbohydrate diet, patients once again are asking their physicians about the Atkins diet.

The FDA has approved Diclegis (Duchesnay), a fixed-dose, delayed-release combination of the H1-antihistamine doxylamine and the vitamin B6 analog pyridoxine, for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in women who do not respond to conservative management. It is only available by prescription. Doxylamine and pyridoxine, both currently available over the counter, were previously available by prescription in a fixed-dose combination (Bendectin) for morning sickness. Bendectin was voluntarily withdrawn in the US in 1983 because of claims of teratogenicity that have since been...

The FDA has approved use of denosumab (Prolia – Amgen) for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk for fracture.

Sitagliptin (Januvia) and metformin (Glucophage, and others) are now available in a single tablet (Janumet - Merck) for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The combination is approved by the FDA for use in patients not adequately controlled by sitagliptin or meformin alone or in those already taking both drugs. Metformin is also available in combination with the thiazolidinediones pioglitazone and rosiglitazone and with the sulfonylureas glipizide and glyburide.