The American Heart Association has issued its revised guidelines for prevention of infective endocarditis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for dental procedures is now recommended only for patients at the highest risk of severe consequences from endocarditis who are undergoing the highest-risk procedures. Endocarditis prophylaxis is no longer recommended for gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) procedures. When these changes are implemented, the number of patients receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis should decline sharply.

The FDA has approved the marketing of certolizumab pegol (Cimzia - UCB), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker, for treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease refractory to conventional treatment. It is the third TNF blocker approved for this indication.

The FDA has approved ezogabine (ee-ZOE-ga-been; Potiga – GSK/Valeant) for oral adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults. Ezogabine is available in Europe as retigabine (Trobalt).

Most colorectal cancers arise from localized adenomatous polyps in a process that may take 10 years or more. Early detection and removal of a precancerous colonic lesion (polyp) can prevent cancer from developing.

The FDA has approved the oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor deuruxolitinib (Leqselvi – Sun) for treatment of severe alopecia areata in adults. Two other oral JAK inhibitors are approved for treatment of severe alopecia areata: baricitinib (Olumiant) is approved for use in adults, and ritlecitinib (Litfulo) is approved for use in patients ≥12 years old.

View the Comparison Table: Antiviral Drugs for Seasonal Influenza for 2025-2026

Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and various phobias) are the most common form of psychiatric illness. They can be treated effectively with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or pharmacotherapy.

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Lyme disease in the US is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged [deer] tick) and I. pacificus (western blacklegged tick). Most cases of Lyme disease occur in late spring and early summer in northeastern and mid-Atlantic states, the upper Midwest, and in northern California. B. mayonii, which is also transmitted by I. scapularis, has been shown to cause a similar illness in the upper Midwest.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recommended for initial treatment of chronic insomnia. CBT-I includes stimulus control, sleep education and hygiene, sleep restriction, relaxation training, and cognitive therapy. When CBT-I alone is not effective, pharmacologic treatment should be added.