Matching articles for "clindamycin"
Cabtreo: A Three-Drug Gel for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 15, 2024; (Issue 1700)
The FDA has approved Cabtreo (Bausch Health), a gel
containing the retinoid adapalene, the oxidizing agent
benzoyl peroxide, and the antibiotic clindamycin, for
treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12...
The FDA has approved Cabtreo (Bausch Health), a gel
containing the retinoid adapalene, the oxidizing agent
benzoyl peroxide, and the antibiotic clindamycin, for
treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12 years old.
Cabtreo is the first three-drug topical formulation to
become available in the US for treatment of acne.
Cabtreo: A Three-Drug Gel for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 15, 2024; (Issue 1700)
The FDA has approved Cabtreo (Bausch Health), a gel
containing the retinoid adapalene, the oxidizing agent
benzoyl peroxide, and the antibiotic clindamycin, for
treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12...
The FDA has approved Cabtreo (Bausch Health), a gel
containing the retinoid adapalene, the oxidizing agent
benzoyl peroxide, and the antibiotic clindamycin, for
treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12 years old.
Cabtreo is the first three-drug topical formulation to
become available in the US for treatment of acne.
Drugs for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 5, 2024; (Issue 1695)
Acne is common among adolescents and adults.
Guidelines for treatment of acne were last published
by the American Academy of Dermatology in...
Acne is common among adolescents and adults.
Guidelines for treatment of acne were last published
by the American Academy of Dermatology in 2016.
Drugs for Rosacea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 5, 2024; (Issue 1695)
Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory facial
eruption of unknown cause. It is more prevalent
in women than in men, and disease onset typically
occurs after age 30. Rosacea is characterized
by erythema,...
Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory facial
eruption of unknown cause. It is more prevalent
in women than in men, and disease onset typically
occurs after age 30. Rosacea is characterized
by erythema, telangiectasia, and flushing, and
sometimes by recurrent, progressive crops of
acneiform papules and pustules, usually on the
central part of the face. Some patients develop
granulomas and tissue hypertrophy, which may lead
to rhinophyma (a bulbous nose), particularly in men.
Blepharitis and conjunctivitis are common. Keratitis
and corneal scarring occur rarely.
Treatment of Common Respiratory Tract Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 17, 2023; (Issue 1674)
Most respiratory tract infections are caused by
viruses. Bacterial respiratory tract infections are
usually treated empirically with antibiotic therapy
that targets the most probable causative...
Most respiratory tract infections are caused by
viruses. Bacterial respiratory tract infections are
usually treated empirically with antibiotic therapy
that targets the most probable causative pathogens.
Recommended antibiotic regimens for outpatient
treatment of some common respiratory tract
infections are listed in Table 1 for adults and Table 2
for children.
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 27, 2022; (Issue 1653)
This article includes recommendations for management
of most sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
other than HIV and viral hepatitis. Some of the
indications and dosages recommended here have
not been...
This article includes recommendations for management
of most sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
other than HIV and viral hepatitis. Some of the
indications and dosages recommended here have
not been approved by the FDA (see Table 1).
Tretinoin/Benzoyl Peroxide Cream (Twyneo) for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 16, 2022; (Issue 1650)
The FDA has approved Twyneo (Galderma), a cream
containing the retinoid tretinoin and the oxidizing
agent benzoyl peroxide, for once-daily topical
treatment of acne in patients ≥9 years...
The FDA has approved Twyneo (Galderma), a cream
containing the retinoid tretinoin and the oxidizing
agent benzoyl peroxide, for once-daily topical
treatment of acne in patients ≥9 years old.
Drugs for Acute Otitis Media in Children
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 7, 2022; (Issue 1643)
More antibiotics are prescribed for treatment of acute
otitis media (AOM) than for any other infection in
young children. Children with AOM typically present
with otalgia, fever, and bulging and erythema of...
More antibiotics are prescribed for treatment of acute
otitis media (AOM) than for any other infection in
young children. Children with AOM typically present
with otalgia, fever, and bulging and erythema of the
tympanic membrane.
Clascoterone Cream (Winlevi) for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 27, 2021; (Issue 1640)
The FDA has approved Winlevi (Sun), a 1% cream
formulation of the androgen receptor inhibitor
clascoterone, for treatment of acne vulgaris in
patients ≥12 years old. It is the first topical...
The FDA has approved Winlevi (Sun), a 1% cream
formulation of the androgen receptor inhibitor
clascoterone, for treatment of acne vulgaris in
patients ≥12 years old. It is the first topical androgen
receptor inhibitor to be approved by the FDA.
Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 6, 2021; (Issue 1632)
Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection
(CDI) is the most common infectious cause of
healthcare-associated diarrhea in adults. Guidelines
on management of CDI have recently been...
Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection
(CDI) is the most common infectious cause of
healthcare-associated diarrhea in adults. Guidelines
on management of CDI have recently been updated.
Drugs for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 30, 2020; (Issue 1612)
Acne is common among adolescents and young adults,
but its prevalence appears to have increased in people
of all ages due to prolonged wearing of masks during
the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines for treatment...
Acne is common among adolescents and young adults,
but its prevalence appears to have increased in people
of all ages due to prolonged wearing of masks during
the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines for treatment of
acne were last published in 2016.
IV Artesunate for Severe Malaria
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 10, 2020; (Issue 1604)
Artesunate for injection (Amivas LLC), a semi-synthetic
artemisinin derivative, is now approved
by the FDA for initial (induction) treatment of severe
malaria in children and adults. It has been...
Artesunate for injection (Amivas LLC), a semi-synthetic
artemisinin derivative, is now approved
by the FDA for initial (induction) treatment of severe
malaria in children and adults. It has been available
from the CDC on a compassionate use basis since
2007. Artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem), another
artemisinin-based drug, was approved earlier for oral
treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum
malaria. IV artesunate is now the only FDA-approved
injectable antimalarial drug available in the US; IV
quinidine has been discontinued.
Minocycline Foam (Amzeeq) for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 4, 2020; (Issue 1597)
The FDA has approved a 4% aerosol foam formulation
of minocycline (Amzeeq – Foamix) for topical
treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular
moderate to severe acne in patients ≥9 years old. It...
The FDA has approved a 4% aerosol foam formulation
of minocycline (Amzeeq – Foamix) for topical
treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular
moderate to severe acne in patients ≥9 years old. It is
the first topical tetracycline formulation to be approved
for use in patients with acne. Oral minocycline
(Minocin, Solodyn, and generics) is
Trifarotene (Aklief) - A New Topical Retinoid for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 16, 2019; (Issue 1587)
The FDA has approved trifarotene 0.005% cream
(Aklief – Galderma) for topical treatment of acne
vulgaris in patients ≥9 years old. Trifarotene is the
fourth topical retinoid to be approved in the US...
The FDA has approved trifarotene 0.005% cream
(Aklief – Galderma) for topical treatment of acne
vulgaris in patients ≥9 years old. Trifarotene is the
fourth topical retinoid to be approved in the US for
treatment of acne; tretinoin (Retin-A, and others),
adapalene (Differin, and generics), and tazarotene
(Tazorac, and others) have been available by
prescription for decades. Adapalene 0.1% gel has been
available over the counter since 2016 for treatment of
acne in patients ≥12 years old.
Omadacycline (Nuzyra) - A New Tetracycline Antibiotic
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 20, 2019; (Issue 1572)
The FDA has approved omadacycline (Nuzyra – Paratek),
a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, for once-daily
IV and oral treatment of community-acquired bacterial
pneumonia (CAP) and acute bacterial skin...
The FDA has approved omadacycline (Nuzyra – Paratek),
a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, for once-daily
IV and oral treatment of community-acquired bacterial
pneumonia (CAP) and acute bacterial skin and skin
structure infections (ABSSSIs) in adults.
Sarecycline (Seysara) - Another Oral Tetracycline for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 25, 2019; (Issue 1568)
Sarecycline (Seysara — Allergan), a new oral
tetracycline antibiotic, has been approved by the FDA
for once-daily treatment of inflammatory lesions of
non-nodular moderate to severe acne in patients...
Sarecycline (Seysara — Allergan), a new oral
tetracycline antibiotic, has been approved by the FDA
for once-daily treatment of inflammatory lesions of
non-nodular moderate to severe acne in patients ≥9
years old.
Delafloxacin (Baxdela) - A New Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 26, 2018; (Issue 1543)
The FDA has approved delafloxacin (Baxdela –
Melinta), an anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, for oral
and parenteral treatment of adults with acute bacterial
skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs),...
The FDA has approved delafloxacin (Baxdela –
Melinta), an anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, for oral
and parenteral treatment of adults with acute bacterial
skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), including
those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). It is the first fluoroquinolone to be
approved for treatment of MRSA.
Secnidazole (Solosec) for Bacterial Vaginosis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 26, 2018; (Issue 1543)
The FDA has approved secnidazole oral granules
(Solosec – Symbiomix/Lupin) for single-dose treatment
of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in adult...
The FDA has approved secnidazole oral granules
(Solosec – Symbiomix/Lupin) for single-dose treatment
of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in adult women.
Comparison Table: Some Antibiotics for MRSA Skin and Skin Structure Infections (online only)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 26, 2018; (Issue 1543)
...
View the Comparison Table: Some Antibiotics for MRSA Skin and Skin Structure Infections
Drugs for Common Bacterial Infections in Adults
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 23, 2017; (Issue 1532)
Bacterial infections in adults are generally treated
empirically, with the antibiotic covering most, but not
all, of the potential causative pathogens. For some
infections, culture and sensitivity testing...
Bacterial infections in adults are generally treated
empirically, with the antibiotic covering most, but not
all, of the potential causative pathogens. For some
infections, culture and sensitivity testing can guide
treatment, allowing for use of narrower-spectrum
antibiotics. The recommended dosages and durations
of antibiotic treatment for common respiratory, skin, and
urinary tract infections are listed in Tables 1-3. Infectious
disease experts now recommend shorter treatment
durations for many infections to reduce the development
of antimicrobial resistance and minimize adverse effects.
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 3, 2017; (Issue 1524)
The text and tables that follow include recommendations
for management of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) other than HIV and viral hepatitis.
Some of the indications and dosages recommended
here have...
The text and tables that follow include recommendations
for management of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) other than HIV and viral hepatitis.
Some of the indications and dosages recommended
here have not been approved by the FDA.
Drugs for Rosacea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 1, 2016; (Issue 1487)
This common, chronic inflammatory facial eruption
of unknown cause is more prevalent in women
than in men. Rosacea is characterized by erythema
and telangiectasia, and sometimes by recurrent,
progressive...
This common, chronic inflammatory facial eruption
of unknown cause is more prevalent in women
than in men. Rosacea is characterized by erythema
and telangiectasia, and sometimes by recurrent,
progressive crops of acneiform papules and pustules,
usually on the central part of the face. Some patients
develop granulomas and tissue hypertrophy, which
may lead to rhinophyma (a bulbous nose), particularly
in men. Blepharitis and conjunctivitis are common.
Keratitis and corneal scarring occur rarely.
Drugs for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 1, 2016; (Issue 1487)
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular
hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production,
androgens, and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive
microaerophilic bacteria...
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular
hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production,
androgens, and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive
microaerophilic bacteria Propionibacterium
acnes promotes development of acne lesions by
secreting chemotactic factors that attract leukocytes
to the follicle, causing inflammation.
Onexton Gel for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 31, 2015; (Issue 1476)
The FDA has approved another fixed combination of
the antibiotic clindamycin phosphate and the oxidizing
agent benzoyl peroxide (Onexton Gel 1.2%/3.75% –
Valeant) for topical treatment of acne in patients...
The FDA has approved another fixed combination of
the antibiotic clindamycin phosphate and the oxidizing
agent benzoyl peroxide (Onexton Gel 1.2%/3.75% –
Valeant) for topical treatment of acne in patients ≥12
years old. Topical products containing the same drugs
have been available for many years. Onexton Gel
contains a new strength of benzoyl peroxide.
Oritavancin (Orbactiv) for Skin and Skin Structure Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 5, 2015; (Issue 1459)
The FDA has approved oritavancin (Orbactiv – The
Medicines Company), a long-acting lipoglycopeptide
antibiotic given as a single intravenous (IV) dose, for
treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin...
The FDA has approved oritavancin (Orbactiv – The
Medicines Company), a long-acting lipoglycopeptide
antibiotic given as a single intravenous (IV) dose, for
treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure
infections caused by susceptible gram-positive
bacteria in adults. It is the third lipoglycopeptide
antibiotic to be marketed in the US; telavancin (Vibativ)
and dalbavancin (Dalvance) were approved earlier.
Drugs for MRSA Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 12, 2014; (Issue 1442)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
which was traditionally a nosocomially-acquired
organism but now frequently occurs in the absence
of healthcare exposure, is the predominant cause...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
which was traditionally a nosocomially-acquired
organism but now frequently occurs in the absence
of healthcare exposure, is the predominant cause of
suppurative skin and soft-tissue infections in many parts
of the US. Community-associated MRSA usually
causes furunculosis, purulent cellulitis, and abscesses,
but necrotizing fasciitis, necrotizing pneumonia, and
sepsis can also occur.
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2013; (Issue 133)
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact.
The text and tables that follow include recommendations
for management of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis,...
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact.
The text and tables that follow include recommendations
for management of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis, and
enteric infections. Some of the indications and
dosages recommended here have not been approved
by the FDA.
Drugs for Bacterial Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2013; (Issue 131)
The text that follows reviews some common bacterial
infections and their empiric treatment pending the
results of culture and susceptibility testing. The recommendations
made here are based on the results...
The text that follows reviews some common bacterial
infections and their empiric treatment pending the
results of culture and susceptibility testing. The recommendations
made here are based on the results of
susceptibility studies, clinical trials, and the opinions
of Medical Letter reviewers. Tables 1 and 2 list the usual
dosages of antibacterial drugs.
Drugs for Acne, Rosacea and Psoriasis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 1, 2013; (Issue 125)
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular
hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production,
androgens, and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive
microaerophilic bacteria...
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular
hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production,
androgens, and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive
microaerophilic bacteria Propionibacterium
acnes promote development of acne lesions by secreting
chemotactic factors that attract leukocytes to the
follicle, causing inflammation.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 1, 2012; (Issue 122)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence
of postoperative infection, particularly surgical site
infection, after some procedures. Recommendations
for such prophylaxis are listed in the table that...
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence
of postoperative infection, particularly surgical site
infection, after some procedures. Recommendations
for such prophylaxis are listed in the table that begins
on page 74. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for dental procedures
to prevent endocarditis was recently discussed
in The Medical Letter.
Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 21, 2011; (Issue 1358)
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea in adults. The incidence and severity of CDI have increased in recent years with the emergence of an...
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea in adults. The incidence and severity of CDI have increased in recent years with the emergence of an epidemic virulent strain (NAP1/BI/027). Common risk factors include admission to a healthcare facility, increasing age and severity of underlying illness, gastric acid suppression and exposure to antimicrobials, particularly clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones. Patients who develop CDI while receiving a precipitating antibiotic should have the antibiotic discontinued, if possible, or switched to another appropriate antimicrobial with a lower risk of CDI.
Clindamycin-Tretinoin (Veltin Gel) for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 13, 2010; (Issue 1353)
Veltin Gel (Stiefel), a fixed-dose combination of the
antibiotic clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and the retinoid
tretinoin 0.025%, has been approved by the FDA for topical
treatment of acne vulgaris in patients...
Veltin Gel (Stiefel), a fixed-dose combination of the
antibiotic clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and the retinoid
tretinoin 0.025%, has been approved by the FDA for topical
treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12 years old.
Another product containing the same active ingredients
(Ziana) has been on the market since 2006.
In Brief: Recommendation for Earlier Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 4, 2010; (Issue 1348)
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has announced a new recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis during cesarean delivery.1 Currently most women receive a single dose of...
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has announced a new recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis during cesarean delivery.1 Currently most women receive a single dose of prophylactic antibiotics after the umbilical cord has been clamped to prevent antibiotics from crossing over to the newborn. The new recommendation is for women giving birth by cesarean section to routinely receive antibiotics within one hour before the start of surgery. In the case of an emergency cesarean delivery, prophylaxis should be started as soon as possible.
Recent studies have found a lower incidence of endometritis and wound infection with preoperative antibiotic administration compared to administration post-clamping.2-4 Whether widespread adoption of this practice could increase neonatal morbidity by masking the source of sepsis or by increasing the prevalence of resistant organisms remains to be determined.
The prophylactic antibiotic for cesarean section is cefazolin 1-2 g IV. For patients allergic to penicillins and cephalosporins, clindamycin with gentamicin would be a reasonable alternative.
1. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee Opinion no. 465: Antimicrobial prophylaxis for cesarean delivery: timing of administration. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116:791.
2. MM Constantine et al. Timing of perioperative antibiotics for cesarean delivery: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:301.
3. FM Smaill and GML Gyte. Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD007482.
4. SA Sullivan et al. Administration of cefazolin prior to skin incision is superior to cefazolin at cord clamping in preventing post cesarean infectious morbidity: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:455.
Download: U.S. English
Recent studies have found a lower incidence of endometritis and wound infection with preoperative antibiotic administration compared to administration post-clamping.2-4 Whether widespread adoption of this practice could increase neonatal morbidity by masking the source of sepsis or by increasing the prevalence of resistant organisms remains to be determined.
The prophylactic antibiotic for cesarean section is cefazolin 1-2 g IV. For patients allergic to penicillins and cephalosporins, clindamycin with gentamicin would be a reasonable alternative.
1. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee Opinion no. 465: Antimicrobial prophylaxis for cesarean delivery: timing of administration. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116:791.
2. MM Constantine et al. Timing of perioperative antibiotics for cesarean delivery: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:301.
3. FM Smaill and GML Gyte. Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD007482.
4. SA Sullivan et al. Administration of cefazolin prior to skin incision is superior to cefazolin at cord clamping in preventing post cesarean infectious morbidity: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:455.
Download: U.S. English
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2010; (Issue 95)
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric...
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric infections. The drugs of choice, their dosages and alternatives are listed in a table that begins on page 54. A table listing the adverse effects of some of these antimicrobials begins on page 58.
Drugs for Bacterial Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2010; (Issue 94)
The text below reviews some common bacterial infections and their treatment. The recommendations made
here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter...
The text below reviews some common bacterial infections and their treatment. The recommendations made
here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants.
Telavancin (Vibativ) for Gram-Positive Skin Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 11, 2010; (Issue 1329)
Telavancin (Vibativ - Astellas and Theravance), a lipoglycopeptide derivative of vancomycin (Vancocin, and others), has received FDA approval for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections...
Telavancin (Vibativ - Astellas and Theravance), a lipoglycopeptide derivative of vancomycin (Vancocin, and others), has received FDA approval for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible gram-positive bacteria in adults.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2009; (Issue 82)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of infection, particularly surgical site infection, after certain procedures. Recommendations for prevention of surgical site infection are listed in the...
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of infection, particularly surgical site infection, after certain procedures. Recommendations for prevention of surgical site infection are listed in the table that begins on page 48. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for dental procedures to prevent endocarditis is discussed in The Medical Letter 2007; 49:99.
Adapalene-Benzoyl Peroxide (Epiduo) for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 20, 2009; (Issue 1310)
Epiduo gel (Galderma), a fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% (Differin), a synthetic retinoid analog, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5%, an oxidizing agent, has been approved by the FDA for topical treatment...
Epiduo gel (Galderma), a fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% (Differin), a synthetic retinoid analog, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5%, an oxidizing agent, has been approved by the FDA for topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12 years old.
Drugs for Acne, Rosacea and Psoriasis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 1, 2008; (Issue 75)
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production, androgens and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive microaerophilic bacteria Propionibacterium...
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production, androgens and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive microaerophilic bacteria Propionibacterium acnes promote development of acne lesions by secreting chemotactic factors that attract leukocytes to the follicle, causing inflammation.
Retapamulin (Altabax) - A New Topical Antibiotic
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 25, 2008; (Issue 1280)
Retapamulin (re-tap'-a-mue'-lin; Altabax - Glaxo SmithKline) is a topical antibiotic recently approved by the FDA for treatment of bullous and non-bullous impetigo due to Streptococcus pyogenes and...
Retapamulin (re-tap'-a-mue'-lin; Altabax - Glaxo SmithKline) is a topical antibiotic recently approved by the FDA for treatment of bullous and non-bullous impetigo due to Streptococcus pyogenes and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. It is available as a 1% ointment by prescription only.
Correction: Major Changes in Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Dental, GI and GU Procedures
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 17, 2007; (Issue 1276)
On page 100 of the article "Major Changes in Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Dental, GI and GU Procedures", under the section Highest-Risk Procedures, the word "rubber" should have been omitted. Placement of...
On page 100 of the article "Major Changes in Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Dental, GI and GU Procedures", under the section Highest-Risk Procedures, the word "rubber" should have been omitted. Placement of orthodontic rubber bands is not a highest-risk procedure that justifies prophylaxis; placement of orthodontic (metal) bands is. An orthodontic band is a metal ring that surrounds the tooth and is pressed into place causing movement in closely-spaced teeth and sometimes bleeding when the bands are placed close to the gumline.
Major Changes in Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Dental, GI and GU Procedures
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 3, 2007; (Issue 1275)
The American Heart Association has issued its revised guidelines for prevention of infective endocarditis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for dental procedures is now recommended only for patients at the highest...
The American Heart Association has issued its revised guidelines for prevention of infective endocarditis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for dental procedures is now recommended only for patients at the highest risk of severe consequences from endocarditis who are undergoing the highest-risk procedures. Endocarditis prophylaxis is no longer recommended for gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) procedures. When these changes are implemented, the number of patients receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis should decline sharply.
Tinidazole (Tindamax) - A New Option for Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 10, 2007; (Issue 1269)
Tinidazole (Tindamax - Mission Pharmacal), an oral antiprotozoal drug available in the US since 2004 for treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, amebiasis and amebic liver abscess, was recently approved by the...
Tinidazole (Tindamax - Mission Pharmacal), an oral antiprotozoal drug available in the US since 2004 for treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, amebiasis and amebic liver abscess, was recently approved by the FDA for treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2007; (Issue 61)
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric...
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric infections. Guidelines are available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with detailed recommendations for treatment of these diseases.
Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2007; (Issue 57)
Information about empirical treatment of bacterial infections, emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance, new drugs and new data about older drugs continue to become available. Usual pathogens and empiric...
Information about empirical treatment of bacterial infections, emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance, new drugs and new data about older drugs continue to become available. Usual pathogens and empiric treatment for some common types of infections are summarized in the text and a table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 40. The recommendations made here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 1, 2006; (Issue 52)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of infection, particularly surgical site infection, after certain procedures. Recommendations for prevention of surgical site infection are listed in this...
Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of infection, particularly surgical site infection, after certain procedures. Recommendations for prevention of surgical site infection are listed in this article.
Treatment of Community-Associated MRSA Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 13, 2006; (Issue 1228)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, which have been a concern for many years, previously occurred primarily in hospitalized patients and those recently treated with antibiotics. In...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, which have been a concern for many years, previously occurred primarily in hospitalized patients and those recently treated with antibiotics. In the past few years, there has been an increasing incidence worldwide of community-associated (CA) MRSA infections in patients without recent antibiotic exposure or contact with the healthcare system.
Antibacterial Prophylaxis for Dental, GI and GU Procedures
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 18, 2005; (Issue 1213)
Many physicians believe that antimicrobial prophylaxis before procedures that may cause transient bacteremia can prevent endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection in patients at increased risk for these...
Many physicians believe that antimicrobial prophylaxis before procedures that may cause transient bacteremia can prevent endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection in patients at increased risk for these disorders. The effectiveness of this common practice has never been established by controlled trials in humans.
Drugs for Acne, Rosacea and Psoriasis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2005; (Issue 35)
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, sebum production, androgens and inflammation have all been implicated. P. acnes, a gram-positive...
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, sebum production, androgens and inflammation have all been implicated. P. acnes, a gram-positive microaerophilic bacterium, plays an important role in the development of acne lesions by secreting chemotactic factors that attract leukocytes to the follicle, causing inflammation.
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 1, 2004; (Issue 26)
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric...
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric infections. Guidelines are available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with detailed recommendations for treatment of these diseases (MMWR Recomm Rep 2002; 51, RR-6:1). New guidelines are expected soon.
Drugs for Parasitic Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 16, 2004; (Issue 1189)
Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by previously...
Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by previously unfamiliar parasites. The table below lists first-choice and alternative drugs for most parasitic infections. The brand names and manufacturers of the drugs are listed in this article.
Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 2004; (Issue 19)
New drugs for bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some common bacterial infections is discussed in this article. A table listing the...
New drugs for bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some common bacterial infections is discussed in this article. A table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 18. These recommendations are based on results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants. Local resistance patterns should be taken into account. Trade names are listed on page 24.
Drugs for Pneumonia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2003; (Issue 13)
The choice of drugs for treatment of pneumonia depends on the most likely pathogens causing the infection and local antimicrobial resistance patterns. Factors such as severity of illness, presence of co-morbid...
The choice of drugs for treatment of pneumonia depends on the most likely pathogens causing the infection and local antimicrobial resistance patterns. Factors such as severity of illness, presence of co-morbid conditions and whether the infection is community or hospital-acquired also need to be considered.
Blue light (ClearLight) for Acne Vulgaris
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 23, 2003; (Issue 1159)
A high-intensity, narrow-band blue light (ClearLight -Lumenis) approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris has been featured in some stories in fashion magazines. This review...
A high-intensity, narrow-band blue light (ClearLight -Lumenis) approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris has been featured in some stories in fashion magazines. This review describes the etiology and treatment of acne, as well as the mechanism of action, clinical studies, adverse effects, dosage and cost of the drug.
Generic drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 14, 2002; (Issue 1141)
When patents expire on brand-name drugs and generic formulations become available, patients and managed care organizations may express a preference for the lower-cost generics. Are they equivalent to the...
When patents expire on brand-name drugs and generic formulations become available, patients and managed care organizations may express a preference for the lower-cost generics. Are they equivalent to the brand-name product?
Tazarotene (Tazorac) for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 10, 2002; (Issue 1132)
Tazarotene (taz ar' oh teen, Tazorac - Allergan), an acetylinic retinoid marketed for treatment of psoriasis (Medical Letter 1997; 39:105), is also available as a 0.1% gel and cream for treatment of...
Tazarotene (taz ar' oh teen, Tazorac - Allergan), an acetylinic retinoid marketed for treatment of psoriasis (Medical Letter 1997; 39:105), is also available as a 0.1% gel and cream for treatment of acne.
Drugs for Parasitic Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 1, 2002; (Issue 1127)
Superseded--purchase updated Parasitic Infections articleParasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS,...
Superseded--purchase updated Parasitic Infections article
Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by previously unfamiliar parasites.
Note: Drugs for Parasitic Infections, revised and updated, is now available to both subscribers and nonsubscribers on our web site. This article, a bi-annual feature of The Medical Letter for many years, will not be published as a printed issue in 2002, but is included in the 16th edition of The Medical Letter Handbook of Antimicrobial Therapy. The handbook is now available and can be ordered by calling customer service at 1-800-211-2769.
Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by previously unfamiliar parasites.
Note: Drugs for Parasitic Infections, revised and updated, is now available to both subscribers and nonsubscribers on our web site. This article, a bi-annual feature of The Medical Letter for many years, will not be published as a printed issue in 2002, but is included in the 16th edition of The Medical Letter Handbook of Antimicrobial Therapy. The handbook is now available and can be ordered by calling customer service at 1-800-211-2769.
Treatment of Lyme Disease
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2000; (Issue 1077)
Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to humans by Ixodes ticks. These ticks may also carry other pathogens; co-transmission of Babesia and Ehrlichia species has been...
Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to humans by Ixodes ticks. These ticks may also carry other pathogens; co-transmission of Babesia and Ehrlichia species has been reported.
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 24, 1999; (Issue 1062)
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables [in this article] are limited to treatment of non-HIV infections associated primarily with sexual...
Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables [in this article] are limited to treatment of non-HIV infections associated primarily with sexual transmission.
Drugs for Parasitic Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 2, 1998; (Issue 1017)
(Superseded by the 2013 version. Click here to purchase.)Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS,...
(Superseded by the 2013 version. Click here to purchase.)
Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by previously unfamiliar parasites. The table lists first-choice and alternative drugs for most parasitic infections.
Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by previously unfamiliar parasites. The table lists first-choice and alternative drugs for most parasitic infections.
Adapalene for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 28, 1997; (Issue 995)
Adapalene (Differin - Galderma), a synthetic retinoid analog, has been marketed in the USA in a 0.1% gel formulation for topical treatment of acne...
Adapalene (Differin - Galderma), a synthetic retinoid analog, has been marketed in the USA in a 0.1% gel formulation for topical treatment of acne vulgaris.
Meropenem - A New Parenteral Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 27, 1996; (Issue 984)
Meropenem (Merrem - Zeneca), a carbapenem similar to imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for intravenous (IV) treatment of complicated intra-abdominal...
Meropenem (Merrem - Zeneca), a carbapenem similar to imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for intravenous (IV) treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults and children and bacterial meningitis in children more than three months old. Imipenem (Medical Letter, 28:29, 1986) has been useful for treatment of serious infections in which broad coverage of nosocomial organisms, including anaerobes, is needed. Other drugs for these indications were reviewed in the Medical Letter article on 'The Choice of Antibacterial Drugs' (volume 38, page 25, March 29, 1996).
Azelaic Acid - A New Topical Drug for Acne
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 7, 1996; (Issue 976)
Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring heptanedicarboxylic acid, has been marketed in the USA as a 20% cream (Azelex - Allergan) for treatment of acne. The drug has been available in Europe for several...
Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring heptanedicarboxylic acid, has been marketed in the USA as a 20% cream (Azelex - Allergan) for treatment of acne. The drug has been available in Europe for several years.
Drugs for AIDS and Associated Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 13, 1995; (Issue 959)
Results of recently completed clinical trials have led to some changes in recommendation for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associated with...
Results of recently completed clinical trials have led to some changes in recommendation for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associated with AIDS.
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 21, 1994; (Issue 914)
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn - Lederle), an antibiotic combination product, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, skin, and...
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn - Lederle), an antibiotic combination product, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, skin, and skin-structure infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity.
Drugs for AIDS and Associated infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 3, 1993; (Issue 904)
Results of recently completed clinical trials have led to some changes in recommendations for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associted with...
Results of recently completed clinical trials have led to some changes in recommendations for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associted with AIDS.
Atovaquone for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 2, 1993; (Issue 893)
Atovaquone (Mepron - Burroughs Wellcome), a hydroxynaphthoquinone, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral treatment of mild to moderate Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)...
Atovaquone (Mepron - Burroughs Wellcome), a hydroxynaphthoquinone, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral treatment of mild to moderate Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients who cannot tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Septra, Bactrim, and others). PCP is a common opportunistic infection and frequent cause of death in patients with AIDS.
Drugs For AIDS And Associated Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 18, 1991; (Issue 855)
A growing number of clinical trials now permits some consensus on the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in...
A growing number of clinical trials now permits some consensus on the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in adults.
Choice of Cephalosporin
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 30, 1990; (Issue 832)
Since the last Medical Letter review of cephalosporin antibiotics (volume 25, page 57, 1983), many new cephalosporins have become available in the...
Since the last Medical Letter review of cephalosporin antibiotics (volume 25, page 57, 1983), many new cephalosporins have become available in the USA.
Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Diarrhea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 20, 1989; (Issue 803)
The gram-positive bacillus Clostridium difficile is the most common identifiable cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (R Fekety in GL Mandell et al, eds, Principles and...
The gram-positive bacillus Clostridium difficile is the most common identifiable cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (R Fekety in GL Mandell et al, eds, Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 3rd ed, New York:Churchill Livingstone, 1990, page 863). C. difficile colitis usually develops during or soon after antibiotic treatment. Virtually any antimicrobial agent can cause the disorder, but clindamycin, ampicillin and the cephalosporins have been implicated most frequently. Pseudomembranous colitis was recently reported in five patients who had each taken only a single dose of a cephalosporin (JP Freiman et al, JAMA, 262:902, August 18, 1989).
Topical Metronidazole For Rosacea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 11, 1989; (Issue 798)
A topical formulation of 0.75% metronidazole gel (MetroGel - Curatek), an antibacterial, antiparasitic agent, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of...
A topical formulation of 0.75% metronidazole gel (MetroGel - Curatek), an antibacterial, antiparasitic agent, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of rosacea.
Penicillin Allergy
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 12, 1988; (Issue 772)
A penicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of many infections, but allergic reactions to these drugs occur frequently and, rarely, can be fatal. From 5% to 20% of patients have a history of a rash or...
A penicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of many infections, but allergic reactions to these drugs occur frequently and, rarely, can be fatal. From 5% to 20% of patients have a history of a rash or some other reaction while taking a penicillin, but maculopapular rashes with ampicillin or amoxicillin, especially in children with infectious mononucleosis, are probably not allergic.
Mupirocin - A New Topical Antibiotic
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 20, 1988; (Issue 766)
Mupirocin (Bactroban - Beecham), a topical antibiotic formerly called pseudomonic acid, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of impetigo. It will be sold as a 2% ointment...
Mupirocin (Bactroban - Beecham), a topical antibiotic formerly called pseudomonic acid, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of impetigo. It will be sold as a 2% ointment available only by prescription.