Matching articles for "Noroxin"
In Brief: Fluoroquinolones and Peripheral Neuropathy
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 11, 2013; (Issue 1429)
The FDA is requiring new warnings about peripheral neuropathy in the labeling of all oral and injectable fluoroquinolones. The potential for this class of antibiotics to cause peripheral neuropathy was first...
The FDA is requiring new warnings about peripheral neuropathy in the labeling of all oral and injectable fluoroquinolones. The potential for this class of antibiotics to cause peripheral neuropathy was first identified more than 10 years ago and a warning was added to their labels in 2004. The new warnings are based on a recent review of the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database.1
The onset of peripheral neuropathy can occur rapidly, often within a few days of starting a fluoroquinolone, and in some patients the disorder may be permanent. Symptoms include pain, tingling, burning, numbness, weakness, and change in sensation to touch, pain, and temperature in the arms and/or legs. If peripheral neuropathy develops in a patient taking a fluoroquinolone, the drug should be stopped and an antibacterial from a different class should be used instead.2
1. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA requires label changes to warn of risk for possibly permanent nerve damage from antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs taken by mouth or by injection. Available at http://www.fda.gov. Accessed November 1, 2013.
2. Drugs for bacterial infections. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2013; 11:65.
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The onset of peripheral neuropathy can occur rapidly, often within a few days of starting a fluoroquinolone, and in some patients the disorder may be permanent. Symptoms include pain, tingling, burning, numbness, weakness, and change in sensation to touch, pain, and temperature in the arms and/or legs. If peripheral neuropathy develops in a patient taking a fluoroquinolone, the drug should be stopped and an antibacterial from a different class should be used instead.2
1. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA requires label changes to warn of risk for possibly permanent nerve damage from antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs taken by mouth or by injection. Available at http://www.fda.gov. Accessed November 1, 2013.
2. Drugs for bacterial infections. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2013; 11:65.
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Drugs for Bacterial Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2013; (Issue 131)
The text that follows reviews some common bacterial
infections and their empiric treatment pending the
results of culture and susceptibility testing. The recommendations
made here are based on the results...
The text that follows reviews some common bacterial
infections and their empiric treatment pending the
results of culture and susceptibility testing. The recommendations
made here are based on the results of
susceptibility studies, clinical trials, and the opinions
of Medical Letter reviewers. Tables 1 and 2 list the usual
dosages of antibacterial drugs.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2012; (Issue 118)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask
for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention
of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for
travelers is available from the Centers...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask
for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention
of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for
travelers is available from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) at www.cdc.gov/travel.
Guidelines are also available from the Infectious
Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
Drugs for Bacterial Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2010; (Issue 94)
The text below reviews some common bacterial infections and their treatment. The recommendations made
here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter...
The text below reviews some common bacterial infections and their treatment. The recommendations made
here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 1, 2009; (Issue 87)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Guidelines are also available from the Infectious Diseases...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Guidelines are also available from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
In Brief: Fluoroquinolones and Tendon Injuries
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 1, 2008; (Issue 1300)
The FDA has added a boxed warning to fluoroquinolone package inserts about tendon injuries that may occur as a result of their use. Tendinitis or tendon rupture may occur rarely with systemic use of any...
The FDA has added a boxed warning to fluoroquinolone package inserts about tendon injuries that may occur as a result of their use. Tendinitis or tendon rupture may occur rarely with systemic use of any fluoroquinolone, either while the drug is being taken or for up to several months afterwards.
Fluoroquinolone-related tendon injury is rare; estimates for its incidence in the general population range from 0.14% to 0.4%. The risk is higher for patients >60 years old and for those taking corticosteroids. For patients with organ transplants, the incidence may be as high as 15%.1 A case-control study in Italy involving 22,194 cases of non-traumatic tendinitis and 104,906 controls found that fluoroquinolone use was significantly associated with tendon disorders in general (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4-2.0), tendon rupture (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.8), and Achilles tendon rupture (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.8-9.6). Achilles tendon rupture occurred with fluoroquinolone treatment in one of every 5989 patients in general and in one of every 1638 patients >60 years old.2
Widespread use of fluoroquinolones, particularly for treatment of respiratory infections, has produced substantial bacterial resistance to this class of drugs and has been associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile disease.3 Even when bacterial pneumonia is considered a likely possibility, other drugs are generally preferred, at least in non-elderly, otherwise healthy patients.4
1. F Muzi et al. Fluoroquinolones-induced tendinitis and tendon rupture in kidney transplant recipients: 2 cases and a review of the literature.Transplant Proc 2007; 39:1673.
2. G Corrao et al. Evidence of tendinitis provoked by fluoroquinolone treatment: a case-control study. Drug Saf 2006; 29:889.
3. Treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Med Lett Drugs Ther 2006; 48:89.
4. Drugs for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2007; 49:62.
Download: U.S. English
Fluoroquinolone-related tendon injury is rare; estimates for its incidence in the general population range from 0.14% to 0.4%. The risk is higher for patients >60 years old and for those taking corticosteroids. For patients with organ transplants, the incidence may be as high as 15%.1 A case-control study in Italy involving 22,194 cases of non-traumatic tendinitis and 104,906 controls found that fluoroquinolone use was significantly associated with tendon disorders in general (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4-2.0), tendon rupture (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.8), and Achilles tendon rupture (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.8-9.6). Achilles tendon rupture occurred with fluoroquinolone treatment in one of every 5989 patients in general and in one of every 1638 patients >60 years old.2
Widespread use of fluoroquinolones, particularly for treatment of respiratory infections, has produced substantial bacterial resistance to this class of drugs and has been associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile disease.3 Even when bacterial pneumonia is considered a likely possibility, other drugs are generally preferred, at least in non-elderly, otherwise healthy patients.4
1. F Muzi et al. Fluoroquinolones-induced tendinitis and tendon rupture in kidney transplant recipients: 2 cases and a review of the literature.Transplant Proc 2007; 39:1673.
2. G Corrao et al. Evidence of tendinitis provoked by fluoroquinolone treatment: a case-control study. Drug Saf 2006; 29:889.
3. Treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Med Lett Drugs Ther 2006; 48:89.
4. Drugs for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2007; 49:62.
Download: U.S. English
Drugs for Travelers' Diarrhea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 28, 2008; (Issue 1291)
The most common cause of travelers' diarrhea, usually a self-limited illness without fever lasting several days, is infection with noninvasive enterotoxigenic (ETEC) or enteroaggregative (EAEC) strains of...
The most common cause of travelers' diarrhea, usually a self-limited illness without fever lasting several days, is infection with noninvasive enterotoxigenic (ETEC) or enteroaggregative (EAEC) strains of Escherichia coli. Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Aeromonas, viruses and parasites are less common.
Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2007; (Issue 57)
Information about empirical treatment of bacterial infections, emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance, new drugs and new data about older drugs continue to become available. Usual pathogens and empiric...
Information about empirical treatment of bacterial infections, emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance, new drugs and new data about older drugs continue to become available. Usual pathogens and empiric treatment for some common types of infections are summarized in the text and a table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 40. The recommendations made here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants.
Atypical Antipsychotics in the Elderly
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 1, 2005; (Issue 1214)
The FDA has reported that 5106 elderly patients with dementia treated with atypical (second generation) antipsychotics in 17 randomized controlled trials had a higher mortality rate (4.5% vs. 2.6%) than those...
The FDA has reported that 5106 elderly patients with dementia treated with atypical (second generation) antipsychotics in 17 randomized controlled trials had a higher mortality rate (4.5% vs. 2.6%) than those receiving placebo. Most of the deaths were due to cardiovascular and infectious causes (such as pneumonia). The drugs used in the trials were aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), and risperidone (Risperdal). As the increase in mortality was considered a class effect, the FDA advisory also included ziprasidone (Geodon), clozapine (Clozaril) and the olanzapine/fluoxetine combination (Symbyax). The manufacturers of all of these drugs will be required to add a "black box" warning to their labeling.
CYP3A and Drug Interactions
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 4, 2005; (Issue 1212)
Serious adverse interactions between drugs continue to be reported. Many of these are due to inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, particularly CYP3A4. CYP3A is thought to be involved in the...
Serious adverse interactions between drugs continue to be reported. Many of these are due to inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, particularly CYP3A4. CYP3A is thought to be involved in the metabolism of more than 50 percent of currently prescribed drugs.2 CYP3A4, which is more abundantly expressed than CYP3A5, accounts for most CYP3A activity in vivo.
Rifaximin (Xifaxan) for Travelers' Diarrhea
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 13, 2004; (Issue 1191)
Rifaximin (Xifaxan - Salix), a non-absorbed oral antibiotic derived from rifampin (Rifadin, and others), has been approved by the FDA for treatment of travelers' diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of...
Rifaximin (Xifaxan - Salix), a non-absorbed oral antibiotic derived from rifampin (Rifadin, and others), has been approved by the FDA for treatment of travelers' diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli in patients 12 years of age or older. It has been available in Europe since 1987.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2004; (Issue 21)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers for...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) or www.cdc.gov/travel. Recommendations for the treatment of parasitic diseases are available in the public reading room of The Medical Letter's web site.
Choice of Antibacterial Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 2004; (Issue 19)
New drugs for bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some common bacterial infections is discussed in this article. A table listing the...
New drugs for bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some common bacterial infections is discussed in this article. A table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 18. These recommendations are based on results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants. Local resistance patterns should be taken into account. Trade names are listed on page 24.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 15, 2002; (Issue 1128)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the CDC at...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the CDC at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) or www.cdc.gov/travel.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 23, 1999; (Issue 1051)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask pysicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Legal requirements for entry and epidemiological conditions in different...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask pysicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Legal requirements for entry and epidemiological conditions in different countries vary from time to time, often unpredictably, but some reasonable recommendations can be made.
Fosfomycin for Urinary Tract Infections
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 18, 1997; (Issue 1005)
Fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used parenterally in Europe for many years, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as fosfomycin tromethamine (Monurol - Forest) for single-dose...
Fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used parenterally in Europe for many years, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as fosfomycin tromethamine (Monurol - Forest) for single-dose oral treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women.
Advice For Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 1996; (Issue 969)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations
and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is
available from the CDC at...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations
and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is
available from the CDC at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) or www.cdc.gov/travel.
Advice For Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 13, 1994; (Issue 922)
...
Enoxacin - A New Fluoroquinolone
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 13, 1992; (Issue 883)
Enoxacin (en ox' a sin; Penetrex - Rh ne-Poulenc Rorer), a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial for oral use, has now been marketed in the USA for treatment of urinary tract infections and uncomplicated urethral or...
Enoxacin (en ox' a sin; Penetrex - Rh ne-Poulenc Rorer), a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial for oral use, has now been marketed in the USA for treatment of urinary tract infections and uncomplicated urethral or cervical gonorrhea.
Two New Fluoroquinolones
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 12, 1992; (Issue 872)
Temafloxacin (Omniflox - Abbott) and lomefloxacin (Maxaquin - Searle) are the latest fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral treatment of...
Temafloxacin (Omniflox - Abbott) and lomefloxacin (Maxaquin - Searle) are the latest fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral treatment of various infections. Previously marketed include norfloxacin (Noroxin - Medical Letter, 29:25, 1987), ciprofloxacin (Cipro - Medical Letter, 30:11, 1988), and ofloxacin (Floxin - Medical Letter, 33:71, 1991). Norfloxacin is marketed only for treatment of urinary tract infections, and lomefloxacin only for treatment of urinary tract infections and bronchitis known to be caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are also available in parenteral formulations.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 1992; (Issue 869)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Legal requirements for entry and epidemiological conditions in...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Legal requirements for entry and epidemiological conditions in different countries vary from time to time, often unpredictably, but some reasonable recommendations can be made. More detailed information is available in Health Information for International Travel, published annually by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), which can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Up-to-date automated information is available by telephone from the CDC (404-332-4559).
Ofloxacin
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 26, 1991; (Issue 849)
Ofloxacin (Floxin - McNeil, Ortho), a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of various infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. Ofloxacin is the...
Ofloxacin (Floxin - McNeil, Ortho), a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of various infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. Ofloxacin is the third fluoroquinolone to become available in this country. Norfloxacin (Noroxin - Medical Letter, 29:25, 1987) is marketed only for treatment of urinary tract infections. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro - Medical Letter, 30:11, 1988), like ofloxacin, is approved for use in a variety of infections.
Health Problems in the Persian Gulf
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 22, 1991; (Issue 838)
With the deployment of hundreds of thousands of troops in Saudi Arabia, health problems endemic to the Arabian Peninsula may be coming to the attention of physicians in the USA and other...
With the deployment of hundreds of thousands of troops in Saudi Arabia, health problems endemic to the Arabian Peninsula may be coming to the attention of physicians in the USA and other areas.
Choice of Cephalosporin
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 30, 1990; (Issue 832)
Since the last Medical Letter review of cephalosporin antibiotics (volume 25, page 57, 1983), many new cephalosporins have become available in the...
Since the last Medical Letter review of cephalosporin antibiotics (volume 25, page 57, 1983), many new cephalosporins have become available in the USA.
Cefixime - A New Oral Cephalosporin
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 11, 1989; (Issue 798)
Cefixime (Suprax - Lederle), an oral cephalosporin antibiotic, was recently approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration. Claimed to be the first oral third-generation cephalosporin, the new...
Cefixime (Suprax - Lederle), an oral cephalosporin antibiotic, was recently approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration. Claimed to be the first oral third-generation cephalosporin, the new drug is offered for once-a-day treatment of otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis and urinary tract infections.
Cefuroxime Axetil
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 3, 1988; (Issue 767)
Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin - Glaxo), an oral form of the second-generation parenteral cephalosporin cefuroxime (Zinacef), was recently marketed in the USA. Previously available oral cephalosporins are the...
Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin - Glaxo), an oral form of the second-generation parenteral cephalosporin cefuroxime (Zinacef), was recently marketed in the USA. Previously available oral cephalosporins are the first-generation drugs cephalexin (Keflex; and others), cephradine (Anspor; and others) and cefadroxil (Duricef; and others), and the second-generation cefaclor (Ceclor); second-generation cephalosporins have more activity against gram-negative bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 29, 1988; (Issue 758)
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro - Miles), a synthetic antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of a wide variety of infections. Ciprofloxacin is the second fluoroquinolone...
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro - Miles), a synthetic antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of a wide variety of infections. Ciprofloxacin is the second fluoroquinolone to become available in this country; norfloxacin (Noroxin - Medical Letter, 29:25, 1987) is marketed only for treatment of urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones are more potent and have a much broader spectrum of activity than older quinolones such as nalidixic acid (NegGram).