Matching articles for "antihistamines"
In Brief: Tafasitamab (Monjuvi) for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (online only)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 7, 2023; (Issue 1682)
Tafasitamab-cxix (Monjuvi – Morphosys), a CD19-directed cytolytic antibody, has received accelerated
approval from the FDA for use in combination with
lenalidomide (Revlimid) for treatment of relapsed...
Tafasitamab-cxix (Monjuvi – Morphosys), a CD19-directed cytolytic antibody, has received accelerated
approval from the FDA for use in combination with
lenalidomide (Revlimid) for treatment of relapsed or
refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL),
not otherwise specified, including DLBCL arising from
low grade lymphoma, in adults who are not eligible
for autologous stem cell transplant. Accelerated
approval was based on overall response rates.
Drugs for Anxiety Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 7, 2023; (Issue 1682)
Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder,
panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and various
phobias) are the most common form of psychiatric
illness. They can be treated effectively with...
Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder,
panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and various
phobias) are the most common form of psychiatric
illness. They can be treated effectively with cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or pharmacotherapy.
A Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Insert (Dextenza) for Allergic Conjunctivitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 20, 2023; (Issue 1672)
The FDA has approved Dextenza (Ocular Therapeutix),
a dexamethasone ophthalmic insert, for
treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic
conjunctivitis. Dextenza was approved earlier for
treatment of...
The FDA has approved Dextenza (Ocular Therapeutix),
a dexamethasone ophthalmic insert, for
treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic
conjunctivitis. Dextenza was approved earlier for
treatment of ocular inflammation and pain following
ophthalmic surgery.
Olopatadine/Mometasone (Ryaltris) for Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 23, 2023; (Issue 1668)
The FDA has approved Ryaltris (Hikma), a fixed-dose
combination nasal spray containing the H1-antihistamine olopatadine hydrochloride (Patanase,
and generics) and the corticosteroid mometasone
furoate...
The FDA has approved Ryaltris (Hikma), a fixed-dose
combination nasal spray containing the H1-antihistamine olopatadine hydrochloride (Patanase,
and generics) and the corticosteroid mometasone
furoate (Nasonex 24 HR Allergy, and generics), for
treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms
in persons ≥12 years old. Ryaltris is the second
intranasal antihistamine/corticosteroid combination
to be approved for this indication; azelastine 0.1%/fluticasone propionate (Dymista, and generics), which
is approved for use in persons ≥6 years old, was the
first. Both products are available only by prescription.
Drugs for Chronic Insomnia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 9, 2023; (Issue 1667)
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is
recommended for initial treatment of chronic insomnia.
CBT-I includes stimulus control, sleep education
and hygiene, sleep restriction, relaxation...
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is
recommended for initial treatment of chronic insomnia.
CBT-I includes stimulus control, sleep education
and hygiene, sleep restriction, relaxation training, and
cognitive therapy. When CBT-I alone is not effective,
pharmacologic treatment should be added.
In Brief: OTC Azelastine Nasal Spray 0.15% (Astepro Allergy) for Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 31, 2022; (Issue 1662)
The 0.15% nasal spray formulation of the H1-
antihistamine azelastine hydrochloride (Astepro
Allergy; Children's Astepro Allergy – Bayer) is now
available over the counter (OTC) for temporary relief
of...
The 0.15% nasal spray formulation of the H1-
antihistamine azelastine hydrochloride (Astepro
Allergy; Children's Astepro Allergy – Bayer) is now
available over the counter (OTC) for temporary relief
of nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itchy
nose due to allergic rhinitis in adults and children
≥6 years old. It is the first intranasal antihistamine
to be approved by the FDA for OTC use. Other drugs
that are available OTC for treatment of allergic rhinitis
symptoms include oral antihistamines, intranasal
corticosteroids, and mast cell stabilizers.
Daridorexant (Quviviq) for Insomnia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 11, 2022; (Issue 1654)
The FDA has approved daridorexant (Quviviq –
Idorsia), an orexin receptor antagonist, for treatment
of sleep-onset and/or sleep-maintenance insomnia
in adults. Daridorexant is the third orexin...
The FDA has approved daridorexant (Quviviq –
Idorsia), an orexin receptor antagonist, for treatment
of sleep-onset and/or sleep-maintenance insomnia
in adults. Daridorexant is the third orexin receptor
antagonist to be approved for this indication;
suvorexant (Belsomra) and lemborexant (Dayvigo)
were approved earlier.
A Drug-Eluting Contact Lens for Allergic Conjunctivitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 18, 2022; (Issue 1648)
The FDA has approved Acuvue Theravision with
Ketotifen (Johnson & Johnson Vision Care), a daily-wear,
disposable, vision-correcting soft contact
lens that releases the H1-antihistamine ketotifen,...
The FDA has approved Acuvue Theravision with
Ketotifen (Johnson & Johnson Vision Care), a daily-wear,
disposable, vision-correcting soft contact
lens that releases the H1-antihistamine ketotifen, for
prevention of ocular itch due to allergic conjunctivitis
in contact lens users. This is the first approval for a
drug-eluting contact lens. Ketotifen eye drops (Alaway,
Zaditor, and others) are available over the counter.
Odevixibat (Bylvay) for Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis-Associated Pruritus
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 21, 2022; (Issue 1644)
Odevixibat (Bylvay – Albireo), an oral ileal bile acid
transporter (IBAT) inhibitor, has been approved by the
FDA for treatment of pruritus in patients ≥3 months
old with progressive familial...
Odevixibat (Bylvay – Albireo), an oral ileal bile acid
transporter (IBAT) inhibitor, has been approved by the
FDA for treatment of pruritus in patients ≥3 months
old with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
(PFIC). It is the first drug to be approved in the US for
this indication.
Cabotegravir (Apretude) for HIV-1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 21, 2022; (Issue 1644)
The FDA has approved Apretude (ViiV Healthcare),
an IM extended-release (ER) formulation of the integrase
strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) cabotegravir,
for use every 2 months to prevent sexually...
The FDA has approved Apretude (ViiV Healthcare),
an IM extended-release (ER) formulation of the integrase
strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) cabotegravir,
for use every 2 months to prevent sexually acquired
HIV-1 infection in at-risk adolescents and adults.
Apretude is the first ER formulation to be FDA-approved
for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of
HIV-1 infection.
Difelikefalin (Korsuva) for Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 7, 2022; (Issue 1643)
Difelikefalin (Korsuva – Vifor), an IV kappa opioid
receptor (KOR) agonist, has been approved by the
FDA for treatment of moderate to severe pruritus
associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in
adults...
Difelikefalin (Korsuva – Vifor), an IV kappa opioid
receptor (KOR) agonist, has been approved by the
FDA for treatment of moderate to severe pruritus
associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in
adults on hemodialysis. It is the first drug to be
approved for this indication and the first KOR agonist
to become available in the US. Difelikefalin has not
been studied in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Conjunctivitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 19, 2021; (Issue 1622)
The choice of drugs for treatment of allergic rhinitis
depends on the severity of symptoms and whether
they are intermittent or persistent (see Table...
The choice of drugs for treatment of allergic rhinitis
depends on the severity of symptoms and whether
they are intermittent or persistent (see Table 1).
Comparison Table: Some Oral Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis (online only)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 19, 2021; (Issue 1622)
...
View the Comparison Table: Some Oral Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis
Comparison Table: Some Nasal Sprays for Allergic Rhinitis (online only)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 19, 2021; (Issue 1622)
...
View the Comparison Table: Some Nasal Sprays for Allergic Rhinitis
Lemborexant (Dayvigo) for Insomnia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 29, 2020; (Issue 1601)
The FDA has approved lemborexant (Dayvigo – Eisai),
an orexin receptor antagonist, for treatment of sleep-onset
and/or sleep-maintenance insomnia in adults. It
is the second orexin receptor antagonist to...
The FDA has approved lemborexant (Dayvigo – Eisai),
an orexin receptor antagonist, for treatment of sleep-onset
and/or sleep-maintenance insomnia in adults. It
is the second orexin receptor antagonist to be approved
for this indication; suvorexant (Belsomra) was the first.
Cetirizine Ophthalmic Solution (Zerviate) for Allergic Conjunctivitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2020; (Issue 1599)
A 0.24% ophthalmic solution of the second-generation
H1-antihistamine cetirizine (Zerviate – Eyevance) is now
available by prescription for treatment of ocular itching
associated with allergic...
A 0.24% ophthalmic solution of the second-generation
H1-antihistamine cetirizine (Zerviate – Eyevance) is now
available by prescription for treatment of ocular itching
associated with allergic conjunctivitis in patients ≥2
years old. Oral cetirizine (Zyrtec, and others), which is
used for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis,
has been available over the counter (OTC) for years.
In Brief: Neuropsychiatric Events with Montelukast
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 4, 2020; (Issue 1597)
The FDA is requiring stronger warnings in the labeling of
the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast (Singulair,
and generics) about the risk of suicidal behavior and other
serious neuropsychiatric...
The FDA is requiring stronger warnings in the labeling of
the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast (Singulair,
and generics) about the risk of suicidal behavior and other
serious neuropsychiatric events associated with its use.
Intravenous Cetirizine (Quzyttir) for Acute Urticaria
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 6, 2020; (Issue 1595)
Quzyttir (TerSera), an IV formulation of the second-generation
H1-antihistamine cetirizine, has been
approved by the FDA for treatment of acute urticaria in
patients ≥6 months old. Oral formulations of...
Quzyttir (TerSera), an IV formulation of the second-generation
H1-antihistamine cetirizine, has been
approved by the FDA for treatment of acute urticaria in
patients ≥6 months old. Oral formulations of cetirizine
(Zyrtec, and others) have been for sale over the counter
for years. Quzyttir is the first parenteral formulation
of a second-generation H1-antihistamine to become
available in the US; parenteral formulations of two
first-generation H1-antihistamines, diphenhydramine
(Benadryl, and others) and hydroxyzine (Vistaril, and
others), have been available for many years.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 7, 2019; (Issue 1582)
Patients who receive pretravel advice can reduce their
risk for many travel-related conditions. Vaccines recommended
for travelers are reviewed in a separate...
Patients who receive pretravel advice can reduce their
risk for many travel-related conditions. Vaccines recommended
for travelers are reviewed in a separate issue.
Drugs for Anxiety Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 12, 2019; (Issue 1578)
Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic
disorder, social anxiety disorder, and various phobias)
are the most common form of psychiatric illness. They
can be treated effectively with cognitive...
Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic
disorder, social anxiety disorder, and various phobias)
are the most common form of psychiatric illness. They
can be treated effectively with cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT) and/or pharmacotherapy. Obsessive-compulsive
disorder and posttraumatic stress
disorder are now considered separate entities in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5); they can also be treated with CBT and many
of the same drugs.
OTC Drugs for Seasonal Allergies
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 22, 2019; (Issue 1570)
Patients with seasonal allergies often experience
nasal itching and congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea,
and itchy, watery eyes. Oral, intranasal, and ophthalmic
preparations are widely available over the...
Patients with seasonal allergies often experience
nasal itching and congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea,
and itchy, watery eyes. Oral, intranasal, and ophthalmic
preparations are widely available over the counter
(OTC) for relief of symptoms. Prescription products for
management of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis
are reviewed separately.
Drugs for Chronic Insomnia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 17, 2018; (Issue 1562)
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
is recommended for initial treatment of chronic
insomnia. Pharmacologic treatment should be used in
addition to CBT-I when CBT-I alone is not...
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
is recommended for initial treatment of chronic
insomnia. Pharmacologic treatment should be used in
addition to CBT-I when CBT-I alone is not effective.
Drugs for Cough
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 17, 2018; (Issue 1562)
Acute cough (<3 weeks in duration) generally does
not require pharmacologic treatment, especially in
children. Suppression of productive cough may be
harmful. Management of patients with cough...
Acute cough (<3 weeks in duration) generally does
not require pharmacologic treatment, especially in
children. Suppression of productive cough may be
harmful. Management of patients with cough should
include elimination of any precipitating factor (e.g.,
cigarette smoking) and treatment of any underlying
cause such as upper airway cough syndrome,
gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma, or other
pulmonary disease.
Odactra - Sublingual Immunotherapy for House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 26, 2018; (Issue 1541)
The FDA has approved Odactra (ALK), a sublingual
allergen extract, for immunotherapy in adults 18-65
years old with house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic
rhinitis, with or without conjunctivitis. Odactra is...
The FDA has approved Odactra (ALK), a sublingual
allergen extract, for immunotherapy in adults 18-65
years old with house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic
rhinitis, with or without conjunctivitis. Odactra is the
first sublingual allergen extract to be approved in the
US for this indication. Three other sublingual allergen
extracts were approved earlier (see Table 1).
Drugs for Allergic Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 8, 2017; (Issue 1520)
Allergic rhinitis can be classified as seasonal,
perennial, or episodic. It is often associated with
allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and asthma. H1-ANTIHISTAMINES — Oral – Oral...
Allergic rhinitis can be classified as seasonal,
perennial, or episodic. It is often associated with
allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and asthma.
H1-ANTIHISTAMINES — Oral – Oral second-generation H1-antihistamines are the preferred first-line treatment for relief of the itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea that characterize mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis. They are less effective for nasal congestion.
H1-ANTIHISTAMINES — Oral – Oral second-generation H1-antihistamines are the preferred first-line treatment for relief of the itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea that characterize mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis. They are less effective for nasal congestion.
Drugs for Insomnia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 6, 2015; (Issue 1472)
Pharmacological treatment of insomnia includes
prescription drugs, non-prescription medications, and
"natural" remedies. Behavioral approaches such as
cognitive behavioral therapy, which are not...
Pharmacological treatment of insomnia includes
prescription drugs, non-prescription medications, and
"natural" remedies. Behavioral approaches such as
cognitive behavioral therapy, which are not discussed
here, are also used. Pharmacologic treatment and
behavioral therapy are often combined.
Advice for Travelers
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 13, 2015; (Issue 1466)
Patients planning to travel to other countries often
ask for information about prevention of diarrhea,
malaria, and other travel-related conditions. Vaccines
recommended for travelers based on their...
Patients planning to travel to other countries often
ask for information about prevention of diarrhea,
malaria, and other travel-related conditions. Vaccines
recommended for travelers based on their destination,
length of stay, and planned activities were reviewed in
a previous issue.
Hydrocodone/Chlorpheniramine (Vituz)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 25, 2013; (Issue 1430)
An oral solution (Vituz – Hawthorne) containing two old
drugs, the centrally-acting opioid hydrocodone bitartrate
and the first-generation H1-antihistamine chlorpheniramine
maleate, has been approved by...
An oral solution (Vituz – Hawthorne) containing two old
drugs, the centrally-acting opioid hydrocodone bitartrate
and the first-generation H1-antihistamine chlorpheniramine
maleate, has been approved by the FDA
for relief of cough and [other] symptoms associated
with upper respiratory allergies or a common cold in
adults. Several extended-release products containing
hydrocodone and chlorpheniramine are available as
capsules and suspensions and have been used for
years for similar indications. Vituz is classified as a
schedule III controlled substance, but the FDA has
asked the DEA to reclassify hydrocodone products as
schedule II.
An OTC Corticosteroid Nasal Spray for Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 11, 2013; (Issue 1429)
The FDA has approved the over-the-counter (OTC)
sale of Nasacort Allergy 24HR (Sanofi), a triamcinolone
acetonide nasal spray previously available only
by prescription as Nasacort AQ. The OTC product,
which...
The FDA has approved the over-the-counter (OTC)
sale of Nasacort Allergy 24HR (Sanofi), a triamcinolone
acetonide nasal spray previously available only
by prescription as Nasacort AQ. The OTC product,
which is scheduled to be marketed in the spring of
2014, will be the first corticosteroid nasal spray that
can be purchased without a prescription in the US.
Nasacort Allergy 24HR is approved for use in patients
≥2 years old with nasal allergy symptoms.
Diclegis for Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 5, 2013; (Issue 1422)
The FDA has approved Diclegis (Duchesnay), a fixed-dose,
delayed-release combination of the H1-antihistamine
doxylamine and the vitamin B6 analog pyridoxine,
for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy...
The FDA has approved Diclegis (Duchesnay), a fixed-dose,
delayed-release combination of the H1-antihistamine
doxylamine and the vitamin B6 analog pyridoxine,
for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in
women who do not respond to conservative management.
It is only available by prescription. Doxylamine
and pyridoxine, both currently available over the
counter, were previously available by prescription in a
fixed-dose combination (Bendectin) for morning sickness.
Bendectin was voluntarily withdrawn in the US in
1983 because of claims of teratogenicity that have
since been disproven. The combination has continued
to be available in Canada as Diclectin.
Omalizumab (Xolair) for Chronic Urticaria
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 27, 2013; (Issue 1417)
Omalizumab (Xolair) is a recombinant humanized
monoclonal anti-IgE antibody currently approved by
the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe persistent
allergic asthma. It has been used off-label for...
Omalizumab (Xolair) is a recombinant humanized
monoclonal anti-IgE antibody currently approved by
the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe persistent
allergic asthma. It has been used off-label for treatment
of allergic rhinitis and food allergies. Recently the
results of a phase III clinical trial indicated that omalizumab
may be effective in treating chronic urticaria as
well.
Drugs for Allergic Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2013; (Issue 129)
The use of drugs to prevent and control symptoms of
allergic disorders can be optimized when patients
avoid exposure to specific allergens and/or environmental
conditions that trigger or worsen their...
The use of drugs to prevent and control symptoms of
allergic disorders can be optimized when patients
avoid exposure to specific allergens and/or environmental
conditions that trigger or worsen their symptoms.
Azelastine/Fluticasone Propionate (Dymista) for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 29, 2012; (Issue 1402)
The FDA has approved a nasal spray fixed-dose combination (Dymista – Meda) of the H1-antihistamine azelastine (Astelin, Astepro, and generics) and the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (Flonase, and...
The FDA has approved a nasal spray fixed-dose combination (Dymista – Meda) of the H1-antihistamine azelastine (Astelin, Astepro, and generics) and the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (Flonase, and generics) for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) in patients ≥12 years old who need both medications for symptomatic relief. It is the first nasal spray to be approved in the US that contains both an H1-antihistamine and a corticosteroid.
Drugs for Insomnia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2012; (Issue 119)
Pharmacological treatment of insomnia includes prescription
drugs, non-prescription medications and
"natural" remedies. Behavioral changes are often
needed as...
Pharmacological treatment of insomnia includes prescription
drugs, non-prescription medications and
"natural" remedies. Behavioral changes are often
needed as well.
In Brief: Fexofenadine (Allegra) and Fruit Juice
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 30, 2011; (Issue 1365)
Fexofenadine (Allegra, and others) is the most recent second-generation H1-antihistamine to become available over the counter (OTC). Cetirizine (Zyrtec, and others) and loratadine (Claritin, and others) are...
Fexofenadine (Allegra, and others) is the most recent second-generation H1-antihistamine to become available over the counter (OTC). Cetirizine (Zyrtec, and others) and loratadine (Claritin, and others) are already available OTC. Cetirizine can be sedating in usual doses. Loratadine can be sedating in higher-than-usual doses. Fexofenadine remains nonsedating even in higher doses.
Bepotastine (Bepreve) - An Ophthalmic H1-Antihistamine
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 8, 2010; (Issue 1331)
Bepotastine besilate 1.5% ophthalmic solution (Bepreve - ISTA Pharmaceuticals), an H1-antihistamine, has been approved by the FDA for topical treatment of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis in...
Bepotastine besilate 1.5% ophthalmic solution (Bepreve - ISTA Pharmaceuticals), an H1-antihistamine, has been approved by the FDA for topical treatment of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis in patients ≥2 years old. Bepotastine was first developed in an oral systemic formulation and has been used as such for treatment of allergic rhinitis in Japan.
Drugs for Allergic Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 1, 2010; (Issue 90)
Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis and asthma (not included here; reviewed in Treatment Guidelines 2008; 6:83) are prevalent worldwide, especially in...
Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis and asthma (not included here; reviewed in Treatment Guidelines 2008; 6:83) are prevalent worldwide, especially in industrialized countries. Pharmacologic treatment of these disorders continues to improve in efficacy and safety. In addition to using drugs to prevent and control these allergic diseases, patients should be instructed to avoid, if possible, specific allergens and/or environmental conditions that trigger or worsen their symptoms. Allergen-specific immunotherapy may be useful for treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis, and in preventing severe insect venom-triggered reactions.
Drugs for Some Common Eye Disorders
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 1, 2010; (Issue 89)
Drugs for glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, bacterial conjunctivitis, and dry eyes are reviewed here. Ophthalmic drugs can have local and systemic adverse effects. In addition, for some elderly...
Drugs for glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, bacterial conjunctivitis, and dry eyes are reviewed here. Ophthalmic drugs can have local and systemic adverse effects. In addition, for some elderly patients, the complexity of self-administering numerous ophthalmic drugs may be the limiting factor in their ability to care for themselves. Drugs for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis will be reviewed in a future issue of Treatment Guidelines on Drugs for Allergic Disorders.
In Brief: Cetirizine OTC
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 14, 2008; (Issue 1277)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec, and others) and cetirizine/pseudoephedrine (Zyrtec-D) are becoming available without a prescription this month for treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria in adults and children....
Cetirizine (Zyrtec, and others) and cetirizine/pseudoephedrine (Zyrtec-D) are becoming available without a prescription this month for treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria in adults and children. Cetirizine is the second of the second-generation H1-antihistamines to become available over the counter. Loratadine (Claritin, and others) was the first.
Cetirizine has been shown to be more effective than loratadine in suppressing histamine-induced wheals in healthy volunteers (W Carey et al. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2002; 28:243), but no well-controlled clinical trials have established that any second-generation H1-antihistamine is more effective overall than any other (M Plaut and MD Valentine. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1934).
Cetirizine may be mildly sedating in some patients, but it is significantly less sedating than first-generation H1-antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl, and others) or chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton, and others), which have been available without a prescription for many years. Its safety in young children is better documented than that of any other first- or second-generation H1-antihistamine (Treat Guidel Med Lett 2007; 5:71).
Download U.S. English
Cetirizine has been shown to be more effective than loratadine in suppressing histamine-induced wheals in healthy volunteers (W Carey et al. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2002; 28:243), but no well-controlled clinical trials have established that any second-generation H1-antihistamine is more effective overall than any other (M Plaut and MD Valentine. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1934).
Cetirizine may be mildly sedating in some patients, but it is significantly less sedating than first-generation H1-antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl, and others) or chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton, and others), which have been available without a prescription for many years. Its safety in young children is better documented than that of any other first- or second-generation H1-antihistamine (Treat Guidel Med Lett 2007; 5:71).
Download U.S. English
Fluticasone Furoate (Veramyst) for Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 5, 2007; (Issue 1273)
Fluticasone furoate nasal spray (Veramyst - GSK) is now available for once-daily treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children ≥2 years old. It is similar to fluticasone...
Fluticasone furoate nasal spray (Veramyst - GSK) is now available for once-daily treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children ≥2 years old. It is similar to fluticasone propionate nasal spray (Flonase, and others), which is now available generically.
Drugs in the Elderly
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 16, 2006; (Issue 1226)
The physiologic changes that occur with aging can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many prescription and over-the-counter drugs, increasing the likelihood of adverse...
The physiologic changes that occur with aging can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many prescription and over-the-counter drugs, increasing the likelihood of adverse effects.
Montelukast (Singulair) for Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 24, 2005; (Issue 1220)
Montelukast (Singulair - Merck) is an oral cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist originally marketed for treatment of asthma. It was approved by the FDA in 2003 for treatment of seasonal allergic...
Montelukast (Singulair - Merck) is an oral cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist originally marketed for treatment of asthma. It was approved by the FDA in 2003 for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and recently for use in perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children ≥ 6 months old. Intranasal corticosteroids have generally been considered the most effective drugs available for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Prevention and Treatment of Sunburn
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 7, 2004; (Issue 1184)
Solar ultraviolet (UV) light capable of injuring the skin is classified by wavelength into UVA I (340-400 nm), UVA II (320-340 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm). UVB is responsible for most of the erythema of sunburn....
Solar ultraviolet (UV) light capable of injuring the skin is classified by wavelength into UVA I (340-400 nm), UVA II (320-340 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm). UVB is responsible for most of the erythema of sunburn. UVA has been implicated in the development of phototoxicity and photoaging. The FDA permits sunscreen manufacturers to claim broad-spectrum protection if their products block at least part of UVA II in addition to UVB.
Click here to view the free full article.
Click here to view the free full article.
Drugs for Parkinson's Disease
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2004; (Issue 22)
Parkinson's disease is caused by progressive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra. Dopamine itself cannot be used to treat Parkinson's disease because it does not cross the...
Parkinson's disease is caused by progressive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra. Dopamine itself cannot be used to treat Parkinson's disease because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
Epinastine Ophthalmic Solution (Elestat)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 26, 2004; (Issue 1181)
Epinastine HCl, an H1-receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer, has been approved by the FDA for use in a 0.05% ophthalmic solution (Elestat - Allergan/Inspire) for prevention of itching associated with...
Epinastine HCl, an H1-receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer, has been approved by the FDA for use in a 0.05% ophthalmic solution (Elestat - Allergan/Inspire) for prevention of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. The drug is available orally in Europe and Asia.
Montelukast (Singulair) for Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 17, 2003; (Issue 1152)
Montelukast (Singulair - Merck), a leukotriene receptor antagonist already marketed for asthma (Treatment Guidelines from The Medical Letter 2002; 1:11), has been approved by the FDA for treatment of seasonal...
Montelukast (Singulair - Merck), a leukotriene receptor antagonist already marketed for asthma (Treatment Guidelines from The Medical Letter 2002; 1:11), has been approved by the FDA for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children more than 2 years old.
OTC loratadine (Claritin)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 6, 2003; (Issue 1147)
The FDA has approved the marketing of loratadine (Claritin - Schering), a second-generation H1-antihistamine, without a prescription. The drug was also recently approved for OTC use as Alavert (Wyeth) and...
The FDA has approved the marketing of loratadine (Claritin - Schering), a second-generation H1-antihistamine, without a prescription. The drug was also recently approved for OTC use as Alavert (Wyeth) and other generics are expected.
Desloratadine (Clarinex)
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 18, 2002; (Issue 1126)
Desloratadine (des lor at' a deen; Clarinex - Schering), an active metabolite of the H1-receptor antagonist loratadine (Claritin), has been approved by the FDA for oral treatment of allergic rhinitis and...
Desloratadine (des lor at' a deen; Clarinex - Schering), an active metabolite of the H1-receptor antagonist loratadine (Claritin), has been approved by the FDA for oral treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria in patients at least 12 years old. The patent for loratadine expires in December 2002, and generic or over-the-counter versions are expected.
Newer Antihistamines
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 30, 2001; (Issue 1103)
With the coming of spring, direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements in newspapers, in magazines and on television are urging people with seasonal allergies to ask their doctors about one or another of the newer,...
With the coming of spring, direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements in newspapers, in magazines and on television are urging people with seasonal allergies to ask their doctors about one or another of the newer, non-sedating antihistamines.
Over-the-counter (OTC) Cough Remedies
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 19, 2001; (Issue 1100)
The number of cough remedies available in the USA continues to multiply, but most products contain the same or similar ingredients in varying combinations. Most acute coughs do not require treatment with drugs,...
The number of cough remedies available in the USA continues to multiply, but most products contain the same or similar ingredients in varying combinations. Most acute coughs do not require treatment with drugs, especially in children, and suppression of a productive cough may be harmful.
Drugs that may cause Cognitive Disorders in the Elderly
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 27, 2000; (Issue 1093)
Older patients are especially susceptible to drug-induced cognitive impairment. They are more likely to be taking multiple drugs, to have higher blood levels of those drugs because of renal or hepatic...
Older patients are especially susceptible to drug-induced cognitive impairment. They are more likely to be taking multiple drugs, to have higher blood levels of those drugs because of renal or hepatic dysfunction, and to have pre-existing cognitive problems that make it difficult to detect the role of drugs causing new symptoms or making old ones worse.
Hypnotic Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 7, 2000; (Issue 1084)
Superseded by Drugs of Choice HandbookMany drugs are used to treat insomnia, but for some patients nonpharmacological treatments such as changing sleep habits, relaxation training and cognitive therapy may be...
Superseded by Drugs of Choice Handbook
Many drugs are used to treat insomnia, but for some patients nonpharmacological treatments such as changing sleep habits, relaxation training and cognitive therapy may be more effective than drugs.
Many drugs are used to treat insomnia, but for some patients nonpharmacological treatments such as changing sleep habits, relaxation training and cognitive therapy may be more effective than drugs.
Cetirizine - A New Antihistamine
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 15, 1996; (Issue 970)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec - Pfizer), a histamine H 1 -receptor antagonist, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis and...
Cetirizine (Zyrtec - Pfizer), a histamine H 1 -receptor antagonist, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children more than 12 years old.
Doxepin Cream for Pruritus
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 28, 1994; (Issue 934)
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the marketing of 5% doxepin hydrochloride cream (Zonalon - GenDerm) for treatment of pruritus due to eczematous dermatoses. Oral doxepin is used as a tricyclic...
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the marketing of 5% doxepin hydrochloride cream (Zonalon - GenDerm) for treatment of pruritus due to eczematous dermatoses. Oral doxepin is used as a tricyclic antidepressant (Sinequan, and others).
Acrivastine/Pseudoephedrine (Semprex-D) for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 2, 1994; (Issue 930)
Acrivastine/Pseudoephedrine (Semprex-D) for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Burroughs-Wellcome), a combination of acrivastine with pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, has been approved by the US Food and Drug...
Acrivastine/Pseudoephedrine (Semprex-D) for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Burroughs-Wellcome), a combination of acrivastine with pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Acrivastine is a new H 1 -receptor antagonist with a chemical structure similar to that of triprolidine (Actidil, and others) (RN Brogden and D McTavish, Drugs, 41:927, 1991). Pseudoephedrine is an α -adrenergic agonist. The combination is available only by prescription.
Ophthalmic Levocabastine for Allergic Conjunctivitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 15, 1994; (Issue 920)
A 0.05% ophthalmic solution of levocabastine hydrochloride (Livostin - Iolab), a histamine H 1 -receptor antagonist, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of seasonal allergic...
A 0.05% ophthalmic solution of levocabastine hydrochloride (Livostin - Iolab), a histamine H 1 -receptor antagonist, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. The new drug is a cyclohexylpiperidine derivative with no structural relationship to any other antihistamine.
Ketorolac for Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 17, 1993; (Issue 905)
Ketorolac (kee' toe role ak) tromethamine 0.5%, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) previously available for parenteral and oral administration (Toradol - Medical Letter, 32:79, 1990), has now been...
Ketorolac (kee' toe role ak) tromethamine 0.5%, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) previously available for parenteral and oral administration (Toradol - Medical Letter, 32:79, 1990), has now been approved for ophthalmic use (Acular - Allergan, Fisons) to relieve itching in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin concentrations in the eye, which theoretically might contribute to a decrease in itching. Several other NSAIDs are available for ophthalmic use in the USA, but none is marketed for this indication. Flurbiprofen (Ocufen) and suprofen (Profenal) are promoted for use in ophthalmic surgery to prevent miosis. Diclofenac (Voltaren) is available in an ophthalmic solution for treatment of post-operative inflammation after cataract extraction.
Loratadine - A New Antihistamine
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 6, 1993; (Issue 902)
Loratadine (Claritin - Schering), a new H 1 -receptor antagonist, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients more than 12 years old. It...
Loratadine (Claritin - Schering), a new H 1 -receptor antagonist, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients more than 12 years old. It will compete with older, relatively sedating drugs such as chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton, and others) and clemastine (Tavist - Medical Letter, 35:9, 1993) and with newer relatively non-sedating agents such as terfenadine (Seldane) and astemizole (Hismanal).
New Advertisement for An Old Antihistamine
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 22, 1993; (Issue 888)
Advertisements for clemastine (Tavist-1 - Sandoz), an ethanolamine oral antihistamine, have recently appeared on television and in major newspapers in the USA. Clemastine is an old drug (Medical Letter, 21:24,...
Advertisements for clemastine (Tavist-1 - Sandoz), an ethanolamine oral antihistamine, have recently appeared on television and in major newspapers in the USA. Clemastine is an old drug (Medical Letter, 21:24, 1979) that has now become available without a prescription.
Safety of Terfenadine and Astemizole
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 7, 1992; (Issue 863)
Terfenadine (Seldane - Marion Merrell Dow) and astemizole (Hismanal - Janssen) are nonsedating antihistamines widely used to treat symptoms of allergic rhinitis (Medical Letter, 27:65, 1985; 31:43, 1989)....
Terfenadine (Seldane - Marion Merrell Dow) and astemizole (Hismanal - Janssen) are nonsedating antihistamines widely used to treat symptoms of allergic rhinitis (Medical Letter, 27:65, 1985; 31:43, 1989). Both are available without a prescription in Canada, and the US Food and Drug Administration is apparently considering terfenadine for over-the-counter availability in the USA.
Intranasal Triamcinolone For Allergic Rhinitis
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 13, 1991; (Issue 859)
An intranasal formulation of the corticosteroid triamcinolone (Nasacort - Rh ne- Poulenc Rorer) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for once-daily treatment of seasonal and perennial...
An intranasal formulation of the corticosteroid triamcinolone (Nasacort - Rh ne- Poulenc Rorer) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for once-daily treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.
Astemizole - Another Non-Sedating Anthistamine
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 5, 1989; (Issue 792)
Astemizole (Hismanal - Janssen), a new antihistamine, was recently marketed in the USA for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Like terfenadine (Seldane - Medical Letter,...
Astemizole (Hismanal - Janssen), a new antihistamine, was recently marketed in the USA for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Like terfenadine (Seldane - Medical Letter, 27:65, 1985), astemizole is claimed to be no more sedating than placebo, but the new drug offers the advantage of a once-daily dosage schedule.
Oral Hypnotic Drugs
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 10, 1989; (Issue 787)
Three benzodiazepines and 16 other compounds are marketed in the USA for treatment of insomnia. Many authorities believe that insomnia is overdiagnosed and overtreated (MK Erman, ed, Sleep Disorders,...
Three benzodiazepines and 16 other compounds are marketed in the USA for treatment of insomnia. Many authorities believe that insomnia is overdiagnosed and overtreated (MK Erman, ed, Sleep Disorders, Psychiatr Clin North Am, Volume 10, Dec 1987).
Treatment of Xerostomia
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 29, 1988; (Issue 771)
Xerostomia, dry mouth due to decreased or absent saliva, is a common problem, particularly among elderly patients. Decreased salivary flow can be due to many different conditions, including drug therapy, Sj...
Xerostomia, dry mouth due to decreased or absent saliva, is a common problem, particularly among elderly patients. Decreased salivary flow can be due to many different conditions, including drug therapy, Sj gren's syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) or radiation of the salivary glands.