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Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 7, 2019; (Issue 1582)

Patients who receive pretravel advice can reduce their risk for many travel-related conditions. Vaccines recommended for travelers are reviewed in a separate...

Patients who receive pretravel advice can reduce their risk for many travel-related conditions. Vaccines recommended for travelers are reviewed in a separate issue.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2019 Oct 7;61(1582):153-60 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Expanded Table: Antibiotics for Travelers' Diarrhea (online only)

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 7, 2019; (Issue 1582)

...

View the Expanded Table: Antibiotics for Travelers' Diarrhea

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2019 Oct 7;61(1582):e160 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Rifamycin (Aemcolo) for Treatment of Travelers' Diarrhea

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 11, 2019; (Issue 1567)

The FDA has approved rifamycin (Aemcolo – Cosmo/ Aries), a minimally absorbed oral antibiotic, for treatment of adults with travelers' diarrhea (TD) caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli....

The FDA has approved rifamycin (Aemcolo – Cosmo/ Aries), a minimally absorbed oral antibiotic, for treatment of adults with travelers' diarrhea (TD) caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli. It is not recommended for treatment of diarrhea that is complicated by fever and/or bloody stools. Topical and injectable formulations of rifamycin have been used in Europe for other indications for many years.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2019 Mar 11;61(1567):39-40 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Plazomicin (Zemdri) - A New Aminoglycoside Antibiotic

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 5, 2018; (Issue 1559)

The FDA has approved the new aminoglycoside antibiotic plazomicin (Zemdri – Achaogen) for IV treatment of adults with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs). Plazomicin is active against...

The FDA has approved the new aminoglycoside antibiotic plazomicin (Zemdri – Achaogen) for IV treatment of adults with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs). Plazomicin is active against multi-drug- resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including strains resistant to other aminoglycosides.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Nov 5;60(1559):180-2 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Delafloxacin (Baxdela) - A New Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 26, 2018; (Issue 1543)

The FDA has approved delafloxacin (Baxdela – Melinta), an anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, for oral and parenteral treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs),...

The FDA has approved delafloxacin (Baxdela – Melinta), an anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, for oral and parenteral treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), including those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is the first fluoroquinolone to be approved for treatment of MRSA.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Mar 26;60(1543):49-51 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Comparison Table: Some Systemic Fluoroquinolones (online only)

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 26, 2018; (Issue 1543)

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View the Comparison Table: Some Systemic Fluoroquinolones (online only)

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Mar 26;60(1543):e57-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Alternatives to Fluoroquinolones

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 6, 2016; (Issue 1496)

The FDA has announced that it is requiring changes in the labeling of systemic fluoroquinolones to warn that the risk of serious adverse effects, including tendinitis, peripheral neuropathy and CNS effects, generally outweighs their benefit for the treatment of acute sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. For these infections, the new labels will recommend reserving fluoroquinolones for patients with no other treatment options.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2016 Jun 6;58(1496):75-6 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 13, 2015; (Issue 1466)

Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask for information about prevention of diarrhea, malaria, and other travel-related conditions. Vaccines recommended for travelers based on their...

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2015 Apr 13;57(1466):52-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 4, 2014; (Issue 1448)

Aminosalicylates are effective for induction and maintenance of remission in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. They are not recommended for treatment of Crohn's disease. FORMULATIONS — Oral mesalamine...

Aminosalicylates are effective for induction and maintenance of remission in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. They are not recommended for treatment of Crohn's disease.

FORMULATIONS — Oral mesalamine is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine and most of the drug does not reach the colon. Pentasa releases mesalamine gradually throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Delzicol, Asacol HD, Lialda, and Apriso delay the release of the drug until it reaches the distal ileum and colon. Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine, and generics), balsalazide (Colazal, and others), and olsalazine (Dipentum) are prodrugs; mesalamine is azo-bonded to a second moiety and released in the colon following bacterial cleavage of the bond. Mesalamine is also available as an enema (Rowasa, and generics) and as a rectal suppository (Canasa).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2014 Aug 4;56(1448):65-72 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

In Brief: Fluoroquinolones and Peripheral Neuropathy

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 11, 2013; (Issue 1429)

The FDA is requiring new warnings about peripheral neuropathy in the labeling of all oral and injectable fluoroquinolones. The potential for this class of antibiotics to cause peripheral neuropathy was first identified more than 10 years ago and a warning was added to their labels in 2004. The new warnings are based on a recent review of the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database.1

The onset of peripheral neuropathy can occur rapidly, often within a few days of starting a fluoroquinolone, and in some patients the disorder may be permanent. Symptoms include pain, tingling, burning, numbness, weakness, and change in sensation to touch, pain, and temperature in the arms and/or legs. If peripheral neuropathy develops in a patient taking a fluoroquinolone, the drug should be stopped and an antibacterial from a different class should be used instead.2

1. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA requires label changes to warn of risk for possibly permanent nerve damage from antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs taken by mouth or by injection. Available at http://www.fda.gov. Accessed November 1, 2013.

2. Drugs for bacterial infections. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2013; 11:65.

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Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2013 Nov 11;55(1429):89 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Bacterial Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2013; (Issue 131)

The text that follows reviews some common bacterial infections and their empiric treatment pending the results of culture and susceptibility testing. The recommendations made here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials, and the opinions of Medical Letter reviewers. Tables 1 and 2 list the usual dosages of antibacterial drugs.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2013 Jul;11(131):65-74 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Raxibacumab for Anthrax

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 1, 2013; (Issue 1413)

The FDA has approved raxibacumab (rax” ee bak’ ue mab; GSK), a fully human monoclonal antibody given by intravenous infusion, for treatment of inhalational anthrax in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs, and for prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax when alternative therapies are not available or are not appropriate. It was approved under the Animal Efficacy Rule, which allows the FDA to approve drugs that demonstrate efficacy in animals, providing that they would have a reasonable human health benefit and are safe for human use. Raxibacumab is only available from the CDC.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2013 Apr 1;55(1413):27-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Addendum: Cost of Drugs for Acute Cystitis

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 20, 2012; (Issue 1397)

A reader suggested that our July 23 article on Drugs for Urinary Tract Infection (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:57)1 should have included information on the cost of the drugs we recommended for treatment of...

A reader suggested that our July 23 article on Drugs for Urinary Tract Infection (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:57)¹ should have included information on the cost of the drugs we recommended for treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole DS — Generic formulations are available at large discount pharmacies for $4 for 20 tablets. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole DS is generally found on tier 1 (lowest co-pay) of insurance company formularies.

Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals — The wholesale acquisition cost of the generic formulation is about $2.50 per tablet (PricePointRx™).² The drug is on tier 1 of some insurance company formularies, but on tier 2 or 3 of others.

Fosfomycin — Available only as Monurol, a single dose of fosfomycin is effective in most cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis, but the manufacturer charges a wholesale acquisition cost of more than $40 for that dose (PricePointRx™).² Most insurance companies place Monurol on tier 3 of their formularies, or do not include it on their formularies at all.

Not recommended: Ciprofloxacin – Fluoroquinolones should not be used empirically to treat acute uncomplicated cystitis. The fact that ciprofloxacin is available at large discount pharmacies for $4 for 20 500-mg tablets and is on tier 1 on most insurance company formularies may be part of the reason for its continued overuse.

1. Drugs for urinary tract infection. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:57.

2. PricePointRx™. Reprinted with permission by FDB. All rights reserved. ©2012. http://www.firstdatabank.com/support/drug-pricing-policy.aspx. Accessed July 31, 2012. Actual retail prices may be higher.

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Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2012 Aug 20;54(1397):67-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Urinary Tract Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 23, 2012; (Issue 1395)

The most recent guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and its European counterpart on the choice of antimicrobials for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in non-pregnant women focus on the unnecessary use of fluoroquinolones to treat uropathogens that are increasingly becoming resistant to them. Resistance of Escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin in the US has increased from 3% in 2000 to 17.1% in 2010.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2012 Jul 23;54(1395):57-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2012; (Issue 118)

Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at www.cdc.gov/travel. Guidelines are also available from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2012 Jun;10(118):45-56 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 2012; (Issue 115)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is generally classified as either Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). More detailed guidelines on their treatment are available from the American College...

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2012 Mar;10(115):19-28 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2010; (Issue 95)

Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric infections. The drugs of choice, their dosages and alternatives are listed in a table that begins on page 54. A table listing the adverse effects of some of these antimicrobials begins on page 58.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2010 Jul;8(95):53-60 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Bacterial Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2010; (Issue 94)

The text below reviews some common bacterial infections and their treatment. The recommendations made here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter...

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2010 Jun;8(94):43-52 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 1, 2009; (Issue 87)

Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for information about appropriate vaccines and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Guidelines are also available from the Infectious Diseases...

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2009 Nov;7(87):83-94 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2009; (Issue 85)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Drug selection is guided by disease type (Crohn's versus ulcerative colitis), severity and location and whether the goal is induction or maintenance of remission. Table 1 on page 66 lists the drugs used to treat IBD with their formulations and cost. Table 2 on page 68 lists the drugs of choice and their doses for different indications. Table 3 on page 71 lists the drugs' adverse effects and recommendations for monitoring. More detailed guidelines are available from the American College of Gastroenterology.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2009 Sep;7(85):65-74 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Insomnia

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 2009; (Issue 79)

The majority of patients with insomnia do not have a predisposing psychiatric disease. Rather, untreated insomnia may be a risk factor for development of psychiatric problems such as depression or...

The majority of patients with insomnia do not have a predisposing psychiatric disease. Rather, untreated insomnia may be a risk factor for development of psychiatric problems such as depression or anxiety.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2009 Mar;7(79):23-6 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Correction: Bendamustine (Treanda) for CLL and NHL

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 1, 2008; (Issue 1300)

(Med Lett Drugs Ther 2008; 50:91) In the Clinical Studies section, the complete response rate with chlorambucil for CLL was 2% (not...

(Med Lett Drugs Ther 2008; 50:91) In the Clinical Studies section, the complete response rate with chlorambucil for CLL was 2% (not 24%).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Dec 1;50(1300):96 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Bendamustine (Treanda) for CLL and NHL

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 17, 2008; (Issue 1299)

Bendamustine HCl (Treanda - Cephalon), an unusual DNA-alkylating agent that has been used in Europe for many years to treat lymphoma, has now been approved by the FDA for treatment of chronic lymphocytic...

Bendamustine HCl (Treanda - Cephalon), an unusual DNA-alkylating agent that has been used in Europe for many years to treat lymphoma, has now been approved by the FDA for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Nov 17;50(1299):91-2 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Duloxetine (Cymbalta) for Fibromyalgia

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 28, 2008; (Issue 1291)

Duloxetine (Cymbalta - Lilly) is the second drug to be approved by the FDA for treatment of fibromyalgia. Pregabalin (Lyrica), which is also approved for treatment of neuropathic pain and epilepsy, was the...

Duloxetine (Cymbalta - Lilly) is the second drug to be approved by the FDA for treatment of fibromyalgia. Pregabalin (Lyrica), which is also approved for treatment of neuropathic pain and epilepsy, was the first. Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is already marketed for treatment of depression and diabetic neuropathy.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Jul 28;50(1291):57 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Travelers' Diarrhea

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 28, 2008; (Issue 1291)

The most common cause of travelers' diarrhea, usually a self-limited illness without fever lasting several days, is infection with noninvasive enterotoxigenic (ETEC) or enteroaggregative (EAEC) strains of Escherichia coli. Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Aeromonas, viruses and parasites are less common.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Jul 28;50(1291):58-9 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Correction: Natalizumab (Tysabri) for Crohn's Disease

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 2, 2008; (Issue 1287)

The May 5, 2008 article (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2008; 50:34) on the approval of natalizumab (Tysabri) for treatment of Crohn's disease in the "Adverse Effects" section on page 35 included the statement:...

The May 5, 2008 article (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2008; 50:34) on the approval of natalizumab (Tysabri) for treatment of Crohn's disease in the "Adverse Effects" section on page 35 included the statement: "post-marketing hepatotoxicity, sometimes fatal or requiring liver transplantation, has occurred." Actually, no fatal hepatotoxicity or liver transplantation has been reported to date. The FDA warning about post-marketing hepatotoxicity with Tysabri that was the basis for our statement said: "The combination of transaminase elevations and elevated bilirubin without evidence of obstruction is recognized as an important predictor of severe liver injury that may lead to [emphasis added] death or the need for a liver transplant in some patients." Also, in the last sentence of the Conclusion, we should have said: "Because of the risk of serious hepatic toxicity and the rare but even more serious risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, it should be used only in patients who have not responded to other drugs, including a TNF inhibitor." The italicized words should be substituted for "it is FDA-approved for use."

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Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Jun 2;50(1287):44 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Natalizumab (Tysabri) for Crohn's Disease

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 5, 2008; (Issue 1285)

Natalizumab (Tysabri - Elan and Biogen) is a monoclonal antibody approved for induction and maintenance treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) refractory to conventional therapies and inhibitors...

Natalizumab (Tysabri - Elan and Biogen) is a monoclonal antibody approved for induction and maintenance treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) refractory to conventional therapies and inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Initially approved in 2004 for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), natalizumab was temporarily withdrawn from the market after 3 patients developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). It is now available for treatment of both MS and CD through a restricted distribution program.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 May 5;50(1285):34-6 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

In Brief: Meningococcal Prophylaxis

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 7, 2008; (Issue 1283)

The CDC recently reported that fluoroquinoloneresistant strains of Neisseria meningitidis have been detected for the first time in the US in an area around the border of North Dakota and Minnesota (CDC. MMWR,...

The CDC recently reported that fluoroquinoloneresistant strains of Neisseria meningitidis have been detected for the first time in the US in an area around the border of North Dakota and Minnesota (CDC. MMWR, Feb 22, 2008). These isolates were all serogroup B, for which meningococcal vaccines (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2005; 47:29) do not offer protection. Since many laboratories do not test N. meningitidis for antimicrobial susceptibility, it is possible that such resistance is more widespread.

A single oral dose of ciprofloxacin (Cipro, and others) 500 mg has been used for prophylaxis after close contact with infected patients. Oral rifampin (Rifadin, and others) 600 mg (10 mg/kg for children) q12h for 2 days, a single IM injection of ceftriaxone (Rocephin, and others) 250 mg (125 mg for children), or a single oral dose of azithromycin (Zithromax, and others) 500 mg (10 mg/kg for children) are reasonable alternatives.

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Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Apr 7;50(1283):25 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Doripenem (Doribax) - A New Parenteral Carbapenem

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 28, 2008; (Issue 1278)

Doripenem (Doribax - Ortho-McNeil Janssen), an intravenous (IV) carbapenem antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to that of imipenem and meropenem, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of...

Doripenem (Doribax - Ortho-McNeil Janssen), an intravenous (IV) carbapenem antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to that of imipenem and meropenem, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections. Use of doripenem for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, is still under FDA review.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Jan 28;50(1278):5-7 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2007; (Issue 61)

Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric infections. Guidelines are available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with detailed recommendations for treatment of these diseases.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2007 Sep;5(61):81-9 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Choice of Antibacterial Drugs

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2007; (Issue 57)

Information about empirical treatment of bacterial infections, emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance, new drugs and new data about older drugs continue to become available. Usual pathogens and empiric treatment for some common types of infections are summarized in the text and a table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 40. The recommendations made here are based on the results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2007 May;5(57):33-50 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 1, 2006; (Issue 52)

Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of infection, particularly surgical site infection, after certain procedures. Recommendations for prevention of surgical site infection are listed in this...

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2006 Dec;4(52):83-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Ramelteon (Rozerem) for Insomnia

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 7, 2005; (Issue 1221)

Ramelteon (Rozerem - Takeda), a melatonin receptor agonist, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty falling asleep. Unlike all other prescription hypnotics, which are...

Ramelteon (Rozerem - Takeda), a melatonin receptor agonist, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty falling asleep. Unlike all other prescription hypnotics, which are classified as schedule IV drugs, ramelteon is not a controlled substance.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2005 Nov 7;47(1221):89-91 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Duloxetine (Cymbalta) for Diabetic Neuropathic Pain

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 15, 2005; (Issue 1215)

Duloxetine hydrochloride (Cymbalta - Lilly), a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) available for treatment of depression, has also been approved by the FDA for treatment of...

Duloxetine hydrochloride (Cymbalta - Lilly), a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) available for treatment of depression, has also been approved by the FDA for treatment of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Duloxetine is one of two drugs approved specifically for management of neuropathic pain due to diabetes; the other, pregabalin (Lyrica - Pfizer), will be marketed soon and will be reviewed in the next issue of The Medical Letter.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2005 Aug 15;47(1215):67-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Atypical Antipsychotics in the Elderly

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 1, 2005; (Issue 1214)

The FDA has reported that 5106 elderly patients with dementia treated with atypical (second generation) antipsychotics in 17 randomized controlled trials had a higher mortality rate (4.5% vs. 2.6%) than those receiving placebo. Most of the deaths were due to cardiovascular and infectious causes (such as pneumonia). The drugs used in the trials were aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), and risperidone (Risperdal). As the increase in mortality was considered a class effect, the FDA advisory also included ziprasidone (Geodon), clozapine (Clozaril) and the olanzapine/fluoxetine combination (Symbyax). The manufacturers of all of these drugs will be required to add a "black box" warning to their labeling.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2005 Aug 1;47(1214):61-2 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

CYP3A and Drug Interactions

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 4, 2005; (Issue 1212)

Serious adverse interactions between drugs continue to be reported. Many of these are due to inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, particularly CYP3A4. CYP3A is thought to be involved in the metabolism of more than 50 percent of currently prescribed drugs.2 CYP3A4, which is more abundantly expressed than CYP3A5, accounts for most CYP3A activity in vivo.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2005 Jul 4;47(1212):54-5 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Tuberculosis

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 1, 2004; (Issue 28)

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a problem in the United States, even though the incidence continues to decline in most of the country (MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2004; 53:209). Treatment of TB can be divided into treatment of latent infection diagnosed by a positive PPD and treatment of active clinical TB. Guidelines with detailed management recommendations are available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2003; 52RR-11:1).

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2004 Dec;2(28):83-2 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 1, 2004; (Issue 26)

Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables that follow are limited to management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV, viral hepatitis and enteric infections. Guidelines are available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with detailed recommendations for treatment of these diseases (MMWR Recomm Rep 2002; 51, RR-6:1). New guidelines are expected soon.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2004 Oct;2(26):67-74 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Rifaximin (Xifaxan) for Travelers' Diarrhea

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 13, 2004; (Issue 1191)

Rifaximin (Xifaxan - Salix), a non-absorbed oral antibiotic derived from rifampin (Rifadin, and others), has been approved by the FDA for treatment of travelers' diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of...

Rifaximin (Xifaxan - Salix), a non-absorbed oral antibiotic derived from rifampin (Rifadin, and others), has been approved by the FDA for treatment of travelers' diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli in patients 12 years of age or older. It has been available in Europe since 1987.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2004 Sep 13;46(1191):74-5 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2004; (Issue 21)

Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. More detailed advice for travelers is available from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) or www.cdc.gov/travel. Recommendations for the treatment of parasitic diseases are available in the public reading room of The Medical Letter's web site.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2004 May;2(21):33-40 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 1, 2004; (Issue 20)

Antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of infection, particularly surgical site infection, after certain operations, but this benefit must be weighed against the risks of toxic and allergic reactions, emergence of resistant bacteria, adverse drug interactions, superinfection and cost. Medical Letter consultants generally recommend antimicrobial prophylaxis only for procedures with high infection rates, those involving implantation of prosthetic material, and those in which the consequences of infection are likely to be especially serious.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2004 Apr;2(20):27-32 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Choice of Antibacterial Drugs

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 2004; (Issue 19)

New drugs for bacterial infections and new information about older drugs continue to become available. Empirical treatment of some common bacterial infections is discussed in this article. A table listing the drugs of choice and alternatives for each pathogen begins on page 18. These recommendations are based on results of susceptibility studies, clinical trials and the opinions of Medical Letter consultants. Local resistance patterns should be taken into account. Trade names are listed on page 24.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2004 Mar;2(19):13-22 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Intermittent Claudication

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 16, 2004; (Issue 1176)

Management of intermittent claudication, the most common symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), involves both risk factor modification and symptomatic treatment (WR Hiatt, N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1608; RM...

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2004 Feb 16;46(1176):13-5 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Pneumonia

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2003; (Issue 13)

The choice of drugs for treatment of pneumonia depends on the most likely pathogens causing the infection and local antimicrobial resistance patterns. Factors such as severity of illness, presence of co-morbid conditions and whether the infection is community or hospital-acquired also need to be considered.

Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2003 Sep;1(13):83-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia With Fluoroquinolones

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 4, 2003; (Issue 1162)

The July 2003 edition of the Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter, published by Health Canada (the Canadian FDA), reported that the Health Canada database had received more spontaneous reports of hypoglycemia...

The July 2003 edition of the Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter, published by Health Canada (the Canadian FDA), reported that the Health Canada database had received more spontaneous reports of hypoglycemia (19) and hyperglycemia (7) with gatifloxacin (Tequin) than with other quinolone antibiotics.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2003 Aug 4;45(1162):64 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drug Interactions

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 8, 2003; (Issue 1158)

Changes caused by one drug in the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of another may lead to a pharmacokinetic adverse drug interaction (DN Juurlink et al, JAMA 2003; 289:1652). Additive drug interactions, such as vasodilation caused by both sildenafil (Viagra) and nitrates, can also have adverse effects.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2003 Jun 8;45(1158):46-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 15, 2002; (Issue 1128)

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2002 Apr 15;44(1128):33-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Post-exposure Anthrax Prophylaxis

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 29, 2001; (Issue 1116)

Superseded by Handbook of Antimicrobial TherapyThe Medical Letter article on Drugs and Vaccines against Biological Weapons, published in the previous issue (October 15, 2001, page 87), included a brief...

Superseded by Handbook of Antimicrobial Therapy
The Medical Letter article on Drugs and Vaccines against Biological Weapons, published in the previous issue (October 15, 2001, page 87), included a brief discussion of post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalation anthrax. Recent events call for more detail.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2001 Oct 29;43(1116):91-2 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 24, 1999; (Issue 1062)

Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables [in this article] are limited to treatment of non-HIV infections associated primarily with sexual...

Many infections can be transmitted during sexual contact. The text and tables [in this article] are limited to treatment of non-HIV infections associated primarily with sexual transmission.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1999 Sep 24;41(1062):85-90 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 23, 1999; (Issue 1051)

Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask pysicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Legal requirements for entry and epidemiological conditions in different countries vary from time to time, often unpredictably, but some reasonable recommendations can be made.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1999 Apr 23;41(1051):39-42 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Trovafloxacin

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 13, 1998; (Issue 1022)

Trovafloxacin (Trovan - Pfizer) and its prodrug alatrofoxacin (Trovan IV) are new fluroroquinolones marketed for an unusually wide variety of infections, including oral and intravenous treatment of nosocomial...

Trovafloxacin (Trovan - Pfizer) and its prodrug alatrofoxacin (Trovan IV) are new fluroroquinolones marketed for an unusually wide variety of infections, including oral and intravenous treatment of nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia, acute ecerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis, complicate intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, diabetic foot infection, uncomplicated urinary tract infection, prostatitis, cervicitis and uncomplicated gonorrhea.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1998 Mar 13;40(1022):30-1 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Grepafloxacin--A New Fluoroquinolone

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 30, 1998; (Issue 1019)

Grepafloxacin (Raxar - Glaxo Wellcome), a once-daily oral fluoroquinolone, is now being marketed for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, uncomplicated...

Grepafloxacin (Raxar - Glaxo Wellcome), a once-daily oral fluoroquinolone, is now being marketed for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, uncomplicated gonorrhea, and nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1998 Jan 30;40(1019):17-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Pramipexole and Ropinirole for Parkinson's Disease

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 21, 1997; (Issue 1014)

Pramipexole (Mirapex - Pharmacia & Upjohn) and ropinirole (Requip - SmithKline Beecham), two new dopamine agonists, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of both early (without levodopa) and advanced (with levodopa) Parkinson's disease. Bromocriptine (Parlodel) and pergolide (Permax) are older dopamine agonists marketed in the USA for adjunctive use with levodopa.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1997 Nov 21;39(1014):109-10 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Fosfomycin for Urinary Tract Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 18, 1997; (Issue 1005)

Fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used parenterally in Europe for many years, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as fosfomycin tromethamine (Monurol - Forest) for single-dose...

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1997 Jul 18;39(1005):66-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Sparfloxacin and Levofloxacin

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 25, 1997; (Issue 999)

Sparfloxacin (Zagam - Rh ne-Poulenc Rorer) and levofloxacin (Levaquin - Ortho-McNeil) are the newest fluoroquinolone antimicrobials to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Sparfloxacin in a...

Sparfloxacin (Zagam - Rh ne-Poulenc Rorer) and levofloxacin (Levaquin - Ortho-McNeil) are the newest fluoroquinolone antimicrobials to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Sparfloxacin in a once-daily oral preparation is being marketed for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Levofloxacin, which is the active stereoisomer of ofloxacin (Floxin), is available for either oral or parenteral use; it is approved for oncedaily treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections and complicated urinary tract infections.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1997 Apr 25;39(999):41-3 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Olanzapine for Schizophrenia

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 19, 1997; (Issue 992)

Olanzapine (Zyprexa - Lilly), a thienobenzodiazepine that structurally resembles and binds to many of the same receptors as clozapine (Clozaril), is now available in the USA for treatment of schizophrenia and...

Olanzapine (Zyprexa - Lilly), a thienobenzodiazepine that structurally resembles and binds to many of the same receptors as clozapine (Clozaril), is now available in the USA for treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1997 Jan 19;39(992):5-6 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice For Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 1, 1996; (Issue 969)

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1996 Mar 1;38(969):17-20 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs For Tuberculosis

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 4, 1995; (Issue 954)

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major problem in the United States, particularly in areas where drug resistance is common (Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep, 44:387, May 26, 1995). Since poor compliance is the most important cause of treatment failure and is associated with emergence of drug resistence, some experts now recommend that all patients take drugs for TB under direct observation (SE Weis et al, N Engl J Med, 330:1179, 1994; R Bayer and D Wilkinson, Lancet, 345:1545, June 17, 1995).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1995 Aug 4;37(954):67-70 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice For Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 13, 1994; (Issue 922)

...

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1994 May 13;36(922):41-4 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Tuberculosis

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 29, 1993; (Issue 908)

The rising incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in drug resistance in some areas of the USA (TR Frieden et al, N Engl J Med, 328:521, 1993). Since poor compliance is the most important cause of treatment failure and associated with emergence of drug resistance, some experts now recommend that patients with TB take their drugs under direct obeservation (MD Iseman et al, N Engl J Med, 329:576, 1993).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1993 Oct 29;35(908):99-102 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for AIDS and Associated infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 3, 1993; (Issue 904)

Results of recently completed clinical trials have led to some changes in recommendations for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associted with...

Results of recently completed clinical trials have led to some changes in recommendations for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associted with AIDS.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1993 Sep 3;35(904):79-86 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Cefpodoxime Proxetil - A New Oral Cephalosporin

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 27, 1992; (Issue 884)

Cefpodoxime proxetil (Vantin - Upjohn), a new third-generation oral cephalosporin, has been approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration. It is available for twice-daily treatment of...

Cefpodoxime proxetil (Vantin - Upjohn), a new third-generation oral cephalosporin, has been approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration. It is available for twice-daily treatment of pharyngitis, upper and lower respiratory infections, otitis media, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and for single-dose treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in men or women and anorectal gonorrhea in women.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992 Nov 27;34(884):107-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Enoxacin - A New Fluoroquinolone

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 13, 1992; (Issue 883)

Enoxacin (en ox' a sin; Penetrex - Rh ne-Poulenc Rorer), a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial for oral use, has now been marketed in the USA for treatment of urinary tract infections and uncomplicated urethral or...

Enoxacin (en ox' a sin; Penetrex - Rh ne-Poulenc Rorer), a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial for oral use, has now been marketed in the USA for treatment of urinary tract infections and uncomplicated urethral or cervical gonorrhea.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992 Nov 13;34(883):103-5 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Two New Fluoroquinolones

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 12, 1992; (Issue 872)

Temafloxacin (Omniflox - Abbott) and lomefloxacin (Maxaquin - Searle) are the latest fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral treatment of...

Temafloxacin (Omniflox - Abbott) and lomefloxacin (Maxaquin - Searle) are the latest fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral treatment of various infections. Previously marketed include norfloxacin (Noroxin - Medical Letter, 29:25, 1987), ciprofloxacin (Cipro - Medical Letter, 30:11, 1988), and ofloxacin (Floxin - Medical Letter, 33:71, 1991). Norfloxacin is marketed only for treatment of urinary tract infections, and lomefloxacin only for treatment of urinary tract infections and bronchitis known to be caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are also available in parenteral formulations.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992 Jun 12;34(872):58-60 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Advice for Travelers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 1992; (Issue 869)

Patients planning to travel to other countries often ask physicians for advice about immunizations and prevention of diarrhea and malaria. Legal requirements for entry and epidemiological conditions in different countries vary from time to time, often unpredictably, but some reasonable recommendations can be made. More detailed information is available in Health Information for International Travel, published annually by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), which can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Up-to-date automated information is available by telephone from the CDC (404-332-4559).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992 May 1;34(869):41-4 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs for Tuberculosis

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 7, 1992; (Issue 863)

After many years of decline in the USA, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has recently increased, partly because the disease occurs more frequently in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in the homeless (PF Barnes et al, N Engl J Med, 324:1644, 1991; Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep, 40:869, Dec 20, 1991).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992 Feb 7;34(863):10-2 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Safety of Terfenadine and Astemizole

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 7, 1992; (Issue 863)

Terfenadine (Seldane - Marion Merrell Dow) and astemizole (Hismanal - Janssen) are nonsedating antihistamines widely used to treat symptoms of allergic rhinitis (Medical Letter, 27:65, 1985; 31:43, 1989)....

Terfenadine (Seldane - Marion Merrell Dow) and astemizole (Hismanal - Janssen) are nonsedating antihistamines widely used to treat symptoms of allergic rhinitis (Medical Letter, 27:65, 1985; 31:43, 1989). Both are available without a prescription in Canada, and the US Food and Drug Administration is apparently considering terfenadine for over-the-counter availability in the USA.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1992 Feb 7;34(863):9-10 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs For Treatment of Peptic Ulcers

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 29, 1991; (Issue 858)

Drugs that accelerate healing and prevent relapse or reurrence of peptic ulcers act either by decreasing gastric acidity or by enhancing mucosal defense mechanisms. Risk factors that may cause breakdown of mucosal defenses include the use of aspirinor other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacterial in the gastric antrum (AH Soll, Engl J Med, 322:909, 1990; WL Peterson, N Engl J Med, 324:1043, 1991).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1991 Nov 29;33(858):111-4 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Prevention And Treatment of Cholera

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 15, 1991; (Issue 857)

Almost 300,000 cases of epidemic cholera have occurred in the Western Hemisphere in 1991, mostly in South and Central America (Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep, 40:562, Aug 16, 1991). The few US cases caused by the epidemic strain have been in returning travelers or associated with contaminated food they brought back illicitly, with no secondary spread to date.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1991 Nov 15;33(857):107-8 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Drugs For AIDS And Associated Infections

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 18, 1991; (Issue 855)

A growing number of clinical trials now permits some consensus on the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in...

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1991 Oct 18;33(855):95-102 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Ofloxacin

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 26, 1991; (Issue 849)

Ofloxacin (Floxin - McNeil, Ortho), a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of various infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. Ofloxacin is the...

Ofloxacin (Floxin - McNeil, Ortho), a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of various infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. Ofloxacin is the third fluoroquinolone to become available in this country. Norfloxacin (Noroxin - Medical Letter, 29:25, 1987) is marketed only for treatment of urinary tract infections. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro - Medical Letter, 30:11, 1988), like ofloxacin, is approved for use in a variety of infections.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1991 Jul 26;33(849):71-3 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Health Problems in the Persian Gulf

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 22, 1991; (Issue 838)

With the deployment of hundreds of thousands of troops in Saudi Arabia, health problems endemic to the Arabian Peninsula may be coming to the attention of physicians in the USA and other...

With the deployment of hundreds of thousands of troops in Saudi Arabia, health problems endemic to the Arabian Peninsula may be coming to the attention of physicians in the USA and other areas.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1991 Feb 22;33(838):13-5 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Choice of Cephalosporin

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 30, 1990; (Issue 832)

Since the last Medical Letter review of cephalosporin antibiotics (volume 25, page 57, 1983), many new cephalosporins have become available in the...

Since the last Medical Letter review of cephalosporin antibiotics (volume 25, page 57, 1983), many new cephalosporins have become available in the USA.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1990 Nov 30;32(832):107-10 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Cefixime - A New Oral Cephalosporin

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 11, 1989; (Issue 798)

Cefixime (Suprax - Lederle), an oral cephalosporin antibiotic, was recently approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration. Claimed to be the first oral third-generation cephalosporin, the new...

Cefixime (Suprax - Lederle), an oral cephalosporin antibiotic, was recently approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration. Claimed to be the first oral third-generation cephalosporin, the new drug is offered for once-a-day treatment of otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis and urinary tract infections.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1989 Aug 11;31(798):73-5 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Penicillin Allergy

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 12, 1988; (Issue 772)

A penicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of many infections, but allergic reactions to these drugs occur frequently and, rarely, can be fatal. From 5% to 20% of patients have a history of a rash or some other reaction while taking a penicillin, but maculopapular rashes with ampicillin or amoxicillin, especially in children with infectious mononucleosis, are probably not allergic.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1988 Aug 12;30(772):79-80 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Cefuroxime Axetil

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 3, 1988; (Issue 767)

Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin - Glaxo), an oral form of the second-generation parenteral cephalosporin cefuroxime (Zinacef), was recently marketed in the USA. Previously available oral cephalosporins are the...

Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin - Glaxo), an oral form of the second-generation parenteral cephalosporin cefuroxime (Zinacef), was recently marketed in the USA. Previously available oral cephalosporins are the first-generation drugs cephalexin (Keflex; and others), cephradine (Anspor; and others) and cefadroxil (Duricef; and others), and the second-generation cefaclor (Ceclor); second-generation cephalosporins have more activity against gram-negative bacteria.

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1988 Jun 3;30(767):57-9 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction

Ciprofloxacin

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 29, 1988; (Issue 758)

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro - Miles), a synthetic antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of a wide variety of infections. Ciprofloxacin is the second fluoroquinolone...

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro - Miles), a synthetic antibacterial agent, was recently marketed in the USA for oral treatment of a wide variety of infections. Ciprofloxacin is the second fluoroquinolone to become available in this country; norfloxacin (Noroxin - Medical Letter, 29:25, 1987) is marketed only for treatment of urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones are more potent and have a much broader spectrum of activity than older quinolones such as nalidixic acid (NegGram).

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1988 Jan 29;30(758):11-3 | Show Full Introduction Hide Full Introduction